The graphical representation of the electrical circuit is known as a circuit diagram. In a circuit diagram, the essential components are cell/battery, resistance, ammeter, voltmeter, electrical device and a switch. The cell is the generator of electricity through a chemical reaction. Its purpose is to maintain a potential difference so as to ensure the continuous flow of current. At the same time, resistance is the restriction that is offered to the flow of current. This article aims to provide a general knowledge of the series arrangement of resistance and cells.
In an electric circuit, there can be two types of resistance. The normal resistance is the usual resistance that is offered. The next is the resistance within the battery itself, known as internal resistance.
The internal resistance is an obstruction to the flow of current due to the electrodes of the cell. It is found in the battery or the cell.
The internal resistance of the cell depends on:
There are two basic and easy ways to connect or arrange the cells and resistance in a circuit diagram. These are:
In this article, we will be learning about the series arrangement of resistance and cells. But before that, we will recall Ohm’s Law. Which states that:
“The current flowing through a circuit is directly proportional to the potential difference across the terminal of the cell.”
Mathematically, we get:
V ∝ I
V = IR
Here,
V is the potential difference
I is the current
R is the resistance
When the cells in a circuit are connected end to end, the arrangement is a series combination. The same current is flown through each cell.
Thus if a circuit has ‘n’ number of cells with emf E1, E2 till En, combined together, then the effective (total) emf of the cell E becomes:
E = E1 + E2 + E3+……..+En
In a series arrangement of the resistance, all the resistances are connected end to end. Therefore, the same current flows through all the resistance, but the potential drop differs.
If we have ‘n’ number of resistance connected in series. The individual resistance are R1, R2, R3, . . . . . , Rn and the potential drops are V1, V2, V3, . . . , V3.
Using Ohm’s law, we have a total potential of the circuit as have:
V=IR
The potential drop at the individual resistances will be:
V1= IR1
V2= IR2
V3= IR3
……..
Vn = IRn
Thus total potential would be:
V = V1+V2+V3+…….+ Vn
IR = IR1+ IR2+IR3+…….+ IRn
R = R1+ R2+R3+…….+ Rn
This is the formula of the total resistance in the series combination.
There are various advantages and disadvantages of connecting cells and resistance in a series combination. The advantages are as follow:
However, apart from these few advantages, there are various drawbacks of connecting the cells and resistance in a series combination. These are:
Solution:
R1 = 5 ohm
R2 = 3 ohm
R3 = 2 ohm
Resultant resistance of the circuit would be:
R = R1 + R2 + R3
R = 5 + 3 + 2
R = 10 ohm
V = 40 V
R1 = 6 ohm
R2 = 4 ohm
Resultant resistance of the circuit:
R = R1 + R2
R = 6 + 4 ohm
R = 10 ohm
According to ohm’s law:
V = IR
I =VR
I = 4010
I = 4 A
Solution: The cell are connected in series therefore total emf would be:
E = E1 + E2 + E3
E = 3 + 2 + 4
E = 9 V
The resistance is the opposition offered by the wire to the current. The resistance depends on the area of the wire, length and temperature of the wire. There are two possible ways of arrangement of cell and resistance: parallel and series combination.
The series combination is the one in which cells and resistance are connected from end to end. This kind of arrangement has some drawbacks. The main drawback is that any fault in the circuit can disrupt the complete connection. That is why parallel combinations are preferred.
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