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A chemical bond is generally an attraction between different atoms, molecules or ions which helps in formation of the different types of chemical compound that enables the formation of chemical compounds.in oppositely charged ions, there is an electrostatic force of attraction existing between the two which might result into formation of various bonds. Or maybe because of the sharing of pairs of electrons to form covalent bonding. Different bonds have different strengths like there are strong bonds or primary bonds like that of covalent bond, ionic and metallic bonds. There exists some weak dispersion force or secondary bonds such as dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonds and london forces. The two atoms can combine in various different ways. One of the ways of forming bonds is sharing of electron in order to attain their nearest noble gas configuration this way of bonding is known as covalent bonding and this is shown mainly by non-metals and H+ metals need more than four electrons for sharing to attain a stable configuration which is not possible due to high energy involvement.
Covalent bonding:
When two atoms share pairs of electrons,covalent bonding is seen. Various atoms are linked with one another in the covalent form which helps them gain extra stability. This stability is gained through completing a full shell of electrons. By sharing or exchanging valence electrons they will gain extra stability. Elements of the main group seem to get linked in such a way that atoms complete the octet (8 electrons in the outermost). They attain noble gas configuration so that they attain stability. In covalent bonding, atoms follow octet rule. They shair pair of electrons which were involved in covalent bonding.
On the basis of number of pairs of electrons shared between atoms, there are 3 types of bond as follows-
- Single Bond
- Double Bond
- Triple Bond
What is a Single Bond ?
When two separate atoms share one electron pair between each other then they are said to be bonded by a single covalent bond which is denoted by a single dash joining the atoms. For the formation of this bond, presence of an atom with single valency is required. The atoms with single valencies are necessarily halogens and hydrogen.
examples – Cl2, HCl, NH3 etc.
A single bond can be indicated as AA or A-A in a Lewis structure, where A represents any element. Each dot in the first rendition represents a shared electron, whereas the bar in the second format represents both of the shared electrons involved in the single bond.
The Difference between Single, Double and Triple Bond :
The electrons and the nuclei tend to get attached to one another with the help of a different kind of force established between the electrons and the nuclei which is known as chemical bond. When two elements or compounds react with one another, there is dissolution or breakdown and formation of new chemical bonds takes place. In the field of chemistry, different types of chemical bonds are seen mainly covalent,vanderwaal’s, and ionic bond.The characteristics of different bonds varies depending upon the nature of the molecule and the type of solids (amorphous or crystalline) and so on. Sharing of single or multiple pairs of electrons takes place in order to form covalent bonding. Depending on the number of electron pairs shared, single, double, and triple bonds are formed. The covalent bonds consist of single, double and triple bonds in it. All the three types of bonds vary in the terms of the number of electron pairs shared. When any two atoms share one pair of electrons, formation of a single bond takes place. When two atoms share 4 electrons or two pairs of electrons, formation of a double bond takes place. Three pairs of electrons (six atoms) are shared to form a triple bond. The electrons which are shared in the covalent bond are valence electrons which are basically present in the outermost shell.
Key Points :
When pairs of electrons are shared between the atoms it results in formation of covalent bonds. The octet rule explains that atoms of main-group elements seem to bind so that all of the atoms have eight electrons in their valence shells and attain the electronic configuration of the same noble gas. If one pair of electrons are shared between atoms then a single bond is formed which is represented by a single line. If two pairs of electrons are shared between atoms, then the double bond formed is represented by two parallel lines. When three pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms then a triple bond is formed which is represented by three parallel lines.
Conclusion :
A single bond is formed when one pair of electrons are shared between two atoms. This type of bond is relatively weak and has a smaller electron density than a double bond and a triple bond but is the most stable bond because of its low reactivity level.
