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A battery is a device that directly converts the chemical energy that active materials contain into electric energy. In these reactions, electrons transfer from one material to another via an electric circuit.
An electric battery is basically an electrical source of power that consists of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections for powering electrical devices. Some batteries are rechargeable and some are not. We can use rechargeable batteries more than once, while non-rechargeable batteries are single-use.
Let us look into the details of batteries in this article.
What is an Electric Cell, and What is a Battery?
Before we delve into batteries, we need to understand what electric cells are. Much like cells make up the tiniest unit of our body, electric cells are the basic unit of batteries.
A cell is an electronic component that stores substance energy and changes it into electrical energy to supply capacity to electronic gadgets.
On the other hand, a battery is a composite unit of a group of different electric cells.
Types of Battery
There are two types of battery:-
Primary Battery
Secondary Battery
1. Primary Battery
Usually, the shelf life of primary batteries is good, as they are single-use galvanic cells that can store electricity. There are zinc–carbon (Leclanché) batteries,metal–air batteries and alkaline zinc–manganese dioxide batteries. Nowadays, Primary lithium cells are also available.
Three Main type of Primary Batteries are:-
Alkaline Batteries:-
Batteries made from alkaline materials with the first commercially available batteries. Thomas Edison and Waldemar Jungner discovered them simultaneously, but independently. In the 1950s, Canadian Lewis Urry developed the first dry cell alkaline battery, which overshadowed their early inventions.
Compared to other batteries, alkaline batteries are the cheapest. These batteries are very difficult to recycle. Alkaline batteries perform consistently over time. Until an alkaline battery reaches the end of its life, you will not notice a drop in power.
It uses zinc for the negative electrode and manganese dioxide for the positive electrode in an alkaline battery. As the battery discharges, both materials are consumed. They are disposable, single use batteries. They are not rechargeable once discharged.
Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries :-
Automotive companies such as Volkswagen and Daimler-Benz invested heavily in the development of Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries. Automobile manufacturers hoped for more reliable and cost-effective batteries.
Nickel comprises the negative electrode of this type of battery and Nitric oxide constitutes the positive electrode. As these components are not consumed at the time of discharge. Hence, they are rechargeable.
Alkaline batteries are comparatively cheaper than Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries. When we talk about a typical battery it gets about 500 charges before reaching end-of-life. As performance degrades with discharge we can notice a definite drop-off in power as time goes by.
Lithium Ion Battery:-
As part of its electrochemistry, lithium ions are the key component of lithium ion batteries. As the anode discharges, the lithium atoms become ionised, losing their electrons.
From the anode, lithium ions pass through the electrolyte to the cathode, where they combine with their electrons and become neutralised. There is a micro-permeable separator between the cathode and anode that allows lithium ions to move through.
Due to its small size (third only to hydrogen and helium), lithium ion batteries are capable of storing a lot of charge per unit of mass and volume.
There are a variety of materials that can be used as electrodes in Li-ion batteries. In portable electronics such as cellphones and laptops, the most common combination is that of lithium cobalt oxide (cathode) and graphite (anode). This type of batteries typically use ether (a class of organic compounds) as an electrolyte.
2. Secondary Battery
In addition to primary batteries, secondary batteries are also rechargeable by passing electric current through them, and therefore can be used repeatedly, for example, lead storage batteries.
Two Main types of Secondary Batteries are:-
Lead Acid Secondary Cell:
Inverters, backup power systems, automobiles, and inverter batteries all use lead acid batteries. The life of Lead Acid batteries can be prolonged with proper care and maintenance as opposed to tubular and maintenance free batteries. Sulphuric acid is poured onto a number of plates to create a Lead Acid battery.
An active material is attached to each grid of the plates. Positive and negative plates are arranged in this way. As the active material on the positive plates, pure lead is used, and as the negative plates, lead oxide is used.
They are the best choice for power and energy per kilowatt hour; have the longest life cycle; and are recyclable at an extraordinarily high rate, which makes them an excellent environmental choice. In terms of collection, transportation, and recycling, lead-acid batteries have no equivalent infrastructure.
SMF Battery:
The fact that battery systems must be designed to recover and process data and information over a period of time, as well as run basic instruments, cannot be overlooked in today’s informational world. Whenever power is needed, batteries must be available. It is possible for companies to incur significant financial losses due to defective or unreliable batteries. Due to this, UPS segments require a reliable and proven battery system.
A SMF battery provides reliable, consistent and low maintenance power to UPS applications. Deep cycle applications and minimal maintenance are possible with these batteries in rural or power-deficient areas. They are available starting at 12V.
Conclusion
A battery is a compatible combination of electrochemical cells. Batteries are an important part of technology. There are two main types of batteries: primary and secondary.
In everyday life, Primary and Secondary cells are very useful. Primary cells are used for a shorter duration but more energy is stored in secondary cells.
