Electromagnetic Theory

Introduction

The theoretical paradigm implemented by James Clark Maxwell has the core basis of an equation. Through the equation, Maxwell depicted the fundamental principle associated with electrical as well as electronic circuits atop the uninterrupted frequency compass along with the direct current to optics. In a way, the equation relates to Kirchhoff’s current as well as voltage laws regarding low-frequency circuits. Not only that, a basis for Snell’s law depicting the reflection in optics has been considered in the following equation provided by Maxwell in developing a concise theory regarding Maxwell’s Electromagnetic theory concerning waves. According to Maxwell, electrical fields and the associated magnetic fields can duplets together in terms of forming electromagnetic waves. In this particular aspect, a wave is not capable of existing unless there is a movement, which is opposite to STATIC. 

Principles of Electromagnetic Theory

• The energy is released from some continuous source in the specific form of radiation. Thus, it is called Radiant energy. 
• The radiation is the embodiment of magnetic and electric fields that impose oscillation that is perpendicular to each of the fields. In this aspect, both the fields have the principle of advancing with the perpendicular propagated direction of radiation.  
• The radiation is capable of enthralling wave characteristics that can travel with the velocity of light. 
• The radiations associated with it have been termed as Electromagnetic waves or Electromagnetic radiation. 
• In the context of propagation, the radiation does not require any kind of material or medium. 

Characteristics of Electromagnetic wave

• Wavelength

In the equation and the description provided by Maxwell, Wavelength has been described as the core distance between a trough or any number of consecutive crests. The wavelength is represented in the equation by Lambda (^) and the expression proceeds with Aº or nm. Another expression value of the wavelength is m, cm, and pm. 

• Frequency

The wave frequency in the electromagnetic theory has been defined as the wave passing number through a single point within 1 second. The frequency of a wave is represented with the ν (nu). The following expression of the wave frequency is hertz (Hz). Another expression for wave frequency is cycle/second. 

ν = 1/T

• Velocity

The comprehensive character of the velocity of the wave represents the linear distance that can be travelled by the wave within the stipulated time of 1 sec. The following expression of velocity is cm/sec. It is represented with c. 

• Wavenumber

The consecutive representation of wavenumbers in the 1cm length has been defined with the term wavenumber in the Maxwell electromagnetic theory. The wavelength is equal in terms of procreation. 

• Amplitude

The amplitude in the equation can be defined as the core depth and height of the trough and crest consecutively. An a represents Amplitude which can be expressed by units of length. 

Limitations or shortcomings of Maxwell’s electromagnetic field theory

• Photoelectric theory and Black body radiation

The consecutive implication of radiations on the consecutive factors of electromagnetic theory is unable to incorporate the photoelectric theory aspects. In this aspect, there is a precise shortcoming of the theory related to the avoiding nature of the black body radiation concept. 

• Macroscopic particle acceptance

Not only that, there is a specific limitation of Maxwell’s Theory as it considers macroscopic particles only other than accepting both the formation of microscopic and macroscopic particles. It is limited to a great extent when it is compared to Planck’s theory of quantum where he accepted both theoretical facts such as black body radiation and photoelectric substances.  

• Less concentration on atom line spectrum

Another limitation of the theory is incorporated with the less concentration in the factors that explains atom line spectrum while it adheres in hydrogen particles. These particular waves adhere to the use of any material medium regarding propagation.

Electromagnetic Wave theory

The consecutive nature of electromagnetic theory implies a great collaboration with the electromagnetic wave theory. Albert Einstein proposed Wave theory constituted of electrically charged particle movement under the factors of acceleration, in this context alternative electric and magnetic fields are developed as well as transmitted. The wave formation is transmitted with the coordination of the field, it is defined as the electromagnetic radiation and waves consecutively. The successful explanation of the wave theory explained reflection phenomena, refraction, diffraction, and interference of light. 

Conclusion

Taking everything into account, it can be stated that the electromagnetic theory developed by Maxwell is applicable in defining the electrical and magnetic radiation wave in certain contexts. However, it is highly limited to the aspects of the alternative magnetic and electrical fields. The electromagnetic theory provided by Maxwell has the limitation of not concentration on black body radiation and photoelectric theory of wave. It is somewhat different from the Electromagnetic Wave theory developed by Albert Einstein. The formation of electromagnetic radiation works in releasing diverse packets of energy with the help of the term photons.