Subordinate Courts

Within various districts of our country – India, several subordinates or lower courts can be found. Civil courts, revenue courts and criminal courts are examples of such courts. Within Part VI, Chapter IV of the Constitution of India, the provision for subordinate courts regarding the judicial system has been made. The subordinate courts come under the state level and within the superintendence of the High Court. All these courts hear various different cases pertaining to civil offences, revenue offences and criminal offences. As we move forward, few details about all these cases so as to understand them better.

Types of subordinate courts

Now we shall be focusing on the three types of subordinate courts which are civil courts, revenue courts and criminal courts. Each of these focuses on specific cases which are listed below: – 

⁃ Civil Cases are majorly pertaining to the quarrels between 2 or multiple individuals concerned with property, divorce cases, landlord related cases or breach of some agreement and contract. The aim is to settle all such quarrels. 

⁃ Revenue cases pertaining to land revenue are included in these types of cases. Revenue courts are the ones that manage the cases of land revenue. Land revenue can be described as a kind of tax that is there on the agricultural land collected by the Government. 

⁃ Criminal cases are mainly pertaining to laws violation. Cases concerned with dacoity, rape, theft, pick-pocketing, physical attack, murder, etc can be included in criminal cases.

These help to understand a little more about subordinate courts. 

Subordinate Courts

Depending on the needs, the subordinate courts perform various functions. Those courts which cover the civil offences can be thought of as Principal Junior and Senior Civil Judge Court as well as Junior Civil Judge Court, which can also be called Sub Courts, Subordinate Courts. Those subordinate courts which cover the illegal cases can be described as First-Class Judicial Magistrate Court, Second Class Judicial Magistrate Court, and Chief Judicial Magistrate Court along with courts for the family which can have the aim of dealing with the marital matters.

Superintendence of Subordinate Courts

The matters regarding superintendence of subordinate courts are managed by the High Courts. The High Court holds the authority for developing principles pertaining to the selection, demoting, promoting and leave of absenteeism for those officers who are in the subordinate courts. 

Qualifications and Appointment of Judges

For a subordinate court, the judges are selected by the Governor in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court belonging to that particular State. The eligibility criteria for the judge of a subordinate court can require one to be an advocate for a minimum of seven years or the person who is in service of either the State or the Central Government as long as they have all the necessary legal qualifications. 

Conclusion 

The judiciary system of the country can play a notable role in ensuring that all individuals can seek justice and live a fair life. The judicial system of India is very well organized into various different levels. As observed from above, the subordinate courts are a significant part of this judicial system. The provision for subordinate courts regarding the judicial system has been made in Part VI, Chapter IV of the Constitution of India. They play a crucial role in maintaining justice for all by addressing various different concerns. We also covered topics such as qualifications required for the judge of a subordinate court and who has the superintendence of the subordinate courts.