Special Majority Of Parliament

In the parliament of India, there is the presence of a special majority in both the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. With the help of special majority powers, mostly the constitutional amendment bills are seemed or observed to be passed in the house of Parliament. The special majority in the Indian Parliament is mainly defined as the voting supported by over 50 percent of the total strength of the house and the voting by a majority of two-thirds of the parliamentary member.  The total strength of the Parliament of India effectively and efficiently comprises 790 seats.  

Special Majority in Parliament

     As stated in “Article 249”, two-thirds of the member of the parliament get the right of voting, to pass any resolution related to Rajya Sabha. Moreover, it denotes the empowerment of parliament regarding establishing laws in the existing state lists. On one hand, this type of majority has been used during the passing of bills related to a constitutional amendment, removing of judges, removing of CAG, during a national emergency, and, so on. Furthermore, “Article 368+50% state rectification by the simple majority” and “Article 61”, refer that, these types of the special majority have been implemented when the federal structure has been tried to alter by constitutional amendment and allegations have been imposed on the President of India. On the other hand, “Article 368” represents that voting, is supported by a two-thirds majority of the members present and more than half of the total power of the house of parliament. This has been used to evanescent the constitutional amendment bills, that ensure federalism. This article also gives the power to the parliament to function in its own way constitutionally by the addition, deletion, or modification made of any laws or legislative regulations. 

Types of Majority in Indian Parliament

There is actually the presence of four types of the majority present in the parliament of India. They are listed down in a detailed manner below:

• Simple Majority: It refers to the majority of more than 50 per cent of the members present and voting. It is the most commonly used form of majority in the house of Parliament. When the laws do not specify any majority, then it is considered.

• Absolute Majority: It refers to the majority of more than 50 percent of the total membership in Parliament. This majority is mainly used during the general election, for the formation of government at the state and at the central level.

• Effective Majority: It refers to the majority of more than 50% of the effective strength of the house which stands for the elimination of vacant seats from the total strength. The first case of the application of the above majority is in the removal of the vice president and the second one is the removal of the deputy speaker

• Special Majority: The special majority in the Indian Parliament is mainly referred to those majorities that do not come under the “Simple”, “Absolute” and “effective majority”. In addition, this type of majority consisting four types of criteria with distinct clauses. However, this type of special majority represents the voting supported by two-thirds of the presented members and greater than half of the total strength of the parliament members.

Special Majority in Lok Sabha

The Lok Sabha is generally termed to be the lower house of the Parliament. The total strength in Lok Sabha is 545. As per the guidelines of “Article 61b”, if there is a presence of 300 members present and voting, then the special majority in the lower house of the Parliament present in the country of India will be 200. There is the presence of many cases where the special majority in the lower house of the parliament can be applied. The situation is the effective and efficient approval of a national emergency that requires a special majority as per “Article 348” in both the houses of the Parliament. The last situation is the situation of the effective and efficient resolution by the state legislature in order to create or abolish the Legislative Council of India as stated by “Article 169”.

Provisions Amended by Special Majority

There are actually many provisional areas that can be amended by the presence of a special majority in the Indian Parliament. The list of provisional areas is given in a detailed manner. The first amendment provision is “Fundamental Rights”. Secondly, it covers the “Directive Principles of State Policy”. Lastly, it effectively and efficiently covers the area of “All the other available provisions that have been yet to get covered in the first and third category of provision”. 

Conclusion

From the above study of the assignment, it can be concluded that the special majority powers in the Indian Parliament do come up with some extraordinary powers. Mostly these powers are subjected to the effective passing of the amendment bills. These bills are actually helpful to give the Indian people a fruitful and peaceful life.