Presidential Veto over State Legislation

Veto power is the power given to one branch of government to postpone or refuse a decision or enactment of another branch. This power is given to the president of a country to unilaterally stop or put hold upon official order. The veto power of the President can, however, be overridden by the majority of members of the house of parliament. The subject of veto power is vast and comprises various dimensions that need to be studied carefully. 

Define Veto Power.

Veto power can simply be defined as the power of one entity to refuse the decision or bill of another party or entity. It is a unique and most significant power provided to the most powerful member of the house of parliament such as the President. The President of a country has the right to reject or postpone a proposed or intended bill or enactment made by any other party. It is also called the constitutional power provided to the Chief executive of a nation (President) to delay or prevent a bill of legislation passed by a legislative body. The President of a nation can reject any enactment or bill providing valid reasons for rejection. 

Veto power is a special power provided to the president of a country and the representatives of the centre in the states such as the Governor. The UK follows a monarchy rule in which the monarch of Britain has two processes of vetoing a bill. For instance, a bill when passed by both the houses (House of Commons and House of Lords) becomes law in case the bill has formally been approved by the monarch. 

What are the types of Veto Powers of the President?

In India, the members of the Parliament can pass bills or enactments which need to be approved and signed by the President before it becomes an act. It is up to the President to accept, reject or withhold the assent of the bill. This phenomenon of accepting or rejecting a bill or enactment based on a presidents’ choice is called the Veto power of the President. The Veto Power of the President of India is guided by article 111 of the Constitution of India. There are three types of Veto power provided to the president of the country. For instance, 

• absolute veto (power of a president to hold the assent of a bill in the parliament), 
• suspensive veto (a president’s power to return a bill to the parliament with or without consideration) and 
• Pocket veto (the power of a president to not act upon enactment or bill). 

In addition, under “Article 111 of the constitution”, the power of the president in India, which is approved by laws and also enacted by two houses in parliament, is called an absolute veto. A suspensive veto is mainly registered by proper legislation and, which becomes a law if it is passed by ordinary majority. Under “Article 111 of an Indian Constitution”, it also constitutes all principles for a use of the presidential veto. A pocket veto is mainly a legislative manoeuvre, which allows the president to execute their powers and also through a bill to take actions. 

Absolute veto of president

1. The main facts about absolute veto, which states that the president of veto executes their power and in which  the bill never sees the light. In addition, all bills are amended and also after when the Indian parliament does not constitute any and becomes an act. In India there have been three veto powers which are absolute such as absolute, pocket and also suspension. In addition, the president can take actions indirectly on a bill which is mainly referred to as a pocket veto and on the other side the president can refuse this power which is called absolute veto power. In addition, this veto depends on laws of different countries and in which the president takes no action on a common alternative which could become a law. 

Presidential veto over state legislation

Veto allows the president and gives a way to check legislation by reviewing all acts and also blocked through some measures. Zail Singh who was an Indian president of India till 1982 to 1987, mainly used veto powers and he also had the power to dissolve pursuants in Lok Sabha under “Article 85(2)(b)”. This suspensive power is not applicable for money bills and in which the president cannot take any action over the bill.

Conclusions

In this context, this study mainly concludes and discusses all veto powers of a president in India and also analyses the absolute veto power of a president. In addition, also discuss the presidential veto over state legislation in India. Apart from this, there also arises a query of which are ways in which veto can affect legislation of India. It also discusses that presidents have three veto powers and their establishments in India. Under this Indian Constitution, it also grants authority to presidents to veto legislation that is passed by the Parliament. This study also concludes the meaning of veto power for an Indian president and how it measures assent.