Tenancy Reforms

Tenancy reforms are mainly connected with the geography of India, such as lands, tenures, and rents. Based on ownership of lands, and tenures, the owners have the right to decide anything about that land, and tenure. After the successful passing of the Zamindari abolition act, the tenancy act and regulation are very important in India. State provides the rights to the owner of some land, and tenure to keep it secure, and confirm their ownership of that land. The main parts of these tenancy reforms are regulation of rent or tenancy act, security of tenure, or conferment of ownership to the tenure. 

Tenancy Act

The tenancy act provides security and confirms ownership to the owner of the tenure or the landlord to keep their land or tenure safe and secure. This act was announced in west Bengal, India in 1997. After that, this act is called as West Bengal Premises Tenancy Act, 1997. This act mainly provides the regulation of some specific land or tenure to their specific landlord or tenants to keep that secure and safe in Kolkata, Howrah, and many other areas in West Bengal, India. Later, the West Bengal Government extended these areas based on the municipal corporation of West Bengal. This act is notified by the West Bengal Municipal Act. In the definition of this tenancy act by the government of West Bengal, there are some specifically mentioned subjects or objects based on the tenure or the land. Such as controller, fair rent, landlord of that land, notification, premises, prescribed, and tenant. In this tenancy act of west Bengal, controller refers to the controller of that division or sub-controller of that sub-divisional area. Fair rent refers to some fixed amount that is fixed by the both owner and the renter of that land or tenure. Landlord is a person who owns that land or that tenure many times. The government gives rights to that person to collect rent for that land. Notification refers to some specific notice that was released by the government of West Bengal based on that land. Premises refer to some specific part of that land. Prescribed refers to the rules that are prescribed by this tenancy act. Tenant refers to that person who takes a special contract based on some fixed amount called rent for that land or premises. 

Tenancy Reforms

Tenancy reforms mainly refer to the regulation of rent and security of that tenure, which is provided by the government of West Bengal.  In the pre-independence period of India, the rent of some tenure or for some rent was 35 percent to 75 percent. But after applying the tenancy act, 1997 in West Bengal, this rent comes in a decreasing way, such that 20 to 25 percent. In many states in India, other than West Bengal, somewhere it is 25 to 30 percent that is paid by the tenants or renters who take the contract for some specific time for that land or the premises. The tenancy provides all types of rent information based on the land measurements, and for that use of that land. Somewhere in West Bengal, based on municipal area or block area that is controlled by the Gram Panchayat in West Bengal the rent is very low, such that nearly 15 to 20 percent is very low compared to the municipal areas. Besides these, the government of West Bengal provides proper security to that land or that premises, which is taken for some contact by some tenants. In order to provide security, there are mainly there factors that are followed by this tenancy act of West Bengal, such as without the provision of the law, ejection could not take place, owner can resume the land for cultivation according to the provision of law, and the tenant is agreed with a specified and prescribed area of that land. 

Conferment of ownership rights to tenants

The main component of this tenancy reform is the conferment of ownership rights to the tenants who take the land or part of that land for some fixed rent and agreement. This tenancy act or the tenancy reforms also refers to the increment of that fixed rent that is signed by them both. After some specific time or period for that land, a particular percent of that rent will be increased for that land, which was previously signed by both, tenant and the landlord in an agreement. Somewhere in West Bengal, some owners of land give a contract to some farmers to cultivate crops in his land and give him a specific amount of rent for the cultivation or some amount of crops as a tax. This tenure is done for some specific time. But sometimes due to poor weather or poor water conditions, crops are not grown properly. As a result, the farmers have faced so many problems and take some loans to maintain their families.

Conclusion

Based on the tenancy act, 1997 stated by The Government of West Bengal, refers to some specific points about the land or tenure for the both landlord, and the tenant. The above section deals with all types of major points that are contained by the tenancy act, stated by the government of West Bengal, in 1997. After that many types of rules and regulations that are very useful for them are stated in the above sections.