According to the United Nations, a Disaster is a major disruption of a community’s or society’s functioning that involves broad human, material, economic, or environmental repercussions that exceed the affected community’s or society’s ability to cope using its resources. Disaster management deals with the human, material, economic, and environmental consequences; it is “preparing for, responding to and learning from the ramifications of significant failures”. Disasters can have human causes, even if they are typically caused by nature. According to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, a disaster happens when a hazard affects vulnerable individuals. Hazards, susceptibility and the incapacity to mitigate the risk’s possible negative repercussions.

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Multiple Choice Questions

• The National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) was established on ____________ .

1. 1. September 23, 2002
   2. August 14, 2001
   3. October 16, 2003
   4. August 14, 2004

Ans –  D (August 14, 2004)

The Indian Home Minister opened the National Institute of Disaster Management on August 14, 2004. NIDM is an institute in India that offers training and development programs for dealing with natural and artificial catastrophes. It takes place on a national and regional scale. To deal with the tragedy, India’s government established it as a deemed university and institute of teaching and studied under the Disaster Management Act 2005.

2. In which city the National Institute of Disaster Management is situated?

1. 1. Kolkata
   2. New Delhi
   3. Hyderabad
   4. Manipur

Ans –  B (New Delhi)

New Delhi, India, is home to the National Institute of Disaster Management. Its abbreviation is NIDM, and it is responsible for handling and managing natural and artificial disasters in India. It takes place on a national and regional scale.

3. Which wave of an earthquake is produced by a rolling effect along the earth’s surface?

1. 1. L wave
   2. P wave
   3. S wave
   4. None of the above

Ans – C   (S wave)

One of the types of surface waves created by an earthquake beneath the solid ground is the S wave, also known as a shear wave or secondary wave. These waves impacted the seismograph for the second time (an instrument used to record the waves). Because its motion is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, it is called a transverse wave.

4. Which of the following are the common factors of wildfire hazards?

1. 1. Volcanic eruption
   2. El-Nino
   3. Volcanic Lightning and thundering
   4. All of the above

Ans – D  (All of the above)

Hazards that occur due to a dangerous wildfire in the forest are known as wildfire hazards ( burning shrubs, trees, leaf litter, grass, vegetarian, etc. ). Wildfire threats include volcanic eruptions, El Nino, Volcanic Lightning, and Thundering, the explosion of an ignition source, and extreme heat.

5. India’s total cyclone-prone area is ……….

1. 1. 15%
   2. 10%
   3. 8%
   4. 20%

Ans – C  ( 8%)

India’s overall cycle-prone region accounts for about 8% of the country’s total land area. The eastern coast (the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea) and the western coast (the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea) of India are both impacted by cyclones (Gujarat and Maharashtra Coast). The eastern coast of the Indian Ocean generates 80 percent of all cyclones. A tropical cyclone’s two primary seasons are May to June and mid-September to mid-December.

6. Which method is widely used to measure flood variability?

1. 1.  FFI
   2. FFMI
   3. FI
   4. FMI

Ans –  B (FFMI)

FFMI stands for Flash Flood Magnitude Index in its full form. It’s a tool for determining flood variability. A flash flood is a short-duration, high-intensity precipitation that elevates the water level in a few hours. The majority of flash floods occurred in hilly, mountainous, and coastal locations. The flash flood magnitude index records the volume of water that rises due to a flood. It’s a mathematical tool for comparing the frequency of flash floods across time.

7. How many steps are there in the disaster recovery process?

1. 1. 7
   2. 4
   3. 8
   4. 5

Ans – D (5)

Planning (by which manner disaster may be dealt with), prevention (measures taken to avoid disaster), readiness (ready to confront disaster by various means), reaction (how disaster can be managed if it occurs), and recovery are the five stages of disaster management (how the disaster is recovered as soon as possible). Natural catastrophes such as cyclones, earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis, and other natural disasters strike throughout the world, killing thousands of people and wreaking havoc on property. As a result, disaster management has been created to avoid this calamity.

8. To detect Tsunami along the coast, coastal tide gauges are placed……..km away?

1. 1. 100
   2. 75
   3. 50
   4. 25

Ans –  C ( 50)

Tsunamis are detected closer to the coastline using coastal tidal gauges. They’re 50 kilometres from the coast, measuring the tides and calculating the Tsunami’s magnitude. They transmit data through undersea cables and issue timely warnings. Around 1851, Joseph Sexton invented coastal tide gauges. The United States Coast and Geodetic Survey created a self-recording Tide Gauge.

9. How many distinct types of actions are defined as part of disaster management?

1. 1. 4
   2. 7
   3. 5
   4. 6

Ans – D (6)

Under disaster management, six distinct actions emerge and are identified.

• Assistance in an equitable manner
• Management of losses
• Management of risks
• Event management
• Management of resources and minimization of environmental effects.
• Training in case of an emergency.

10. International Day of Natural Disaster Reduction is celebrated on?

1. 1. June 15
   2. March 5
   3. October 13
   4. September 13

Ans – C ( October 13 )

On October 13, the International Day of Natural Disaster Reduction is commemorated. After the United Nations General Assembly called for a day to promote a worldwide culture of risk awareness and catastrophe reduction, it was established in 1989.

11. What is the location of the International Tsunami Information Center?

1. 1. Honolulu
   2. Hyderabad
   3. Goa
   4. Pondicherry

Ans –  A  (Honolulu)

Honolulu is home to the International Tsunami Information Center. The UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) was founded in 1965. ( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). Its primary responsibility is to manage and monitor worldwide tsunami actions in the Pacific and other oceans. To make recommendations for improving communication, data networks, tsunami predicting techniques, and information distribution.

12. Select the correct full form of ISDR?

1. 1. International Sustainable Development Report
   2. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
   3. International Significant Disaster Resources
   4. Intergovernmental Strategy for developing Recreation

Ans – B (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction)

ISDR stands for International Strategy for Disaster Reduction in its full form. ISDR is a worldwide framework for disaster risk reduction developed by the United Nations in 1999 as part of the IDNDR Programme Forum in July 1999. It is put in place to take precautionary steps in a disaster or hazard. It includes a vision, aims, and objectives for lowering the risk of loss of life and property due to catastrophes and hazards.

13. What devices are used to track minute changes in volcanoes’ ground slope and shape?

1. 1. Strain meters
   2. Tiltmeter
   3. Both a and b
   4. None of these

Ans –  B ( Tiltmeter)

Since 1912, Tiltmeter has been used as an active volcanic observatory. It was initially put in the United States by a scientist to observe the Hawaiian Volcano. Tiltmeters measure subsurface land’s tilted crust/surface caused by magma buildup. The tiltmeter is put in shallow bare holes (1-6 meters or 5-20 ft deep) for an accurate result. Strain meters measure the crust’s strain (or change in form). These are very sensitive devices used to measure the stress on the earth’s crust caused by wind pressure during the weather cycle. Strain meters are buried in bare holes roughly a hundred feet below ground level. When magma or earthquakes move, they cause the ground to alter form.

14. Who released the first Disaster Management Plan of India?

1. 1. H. D. Deve Gowda
   2. Atal Bihari Vajpayee
   3.  Manmohan Singh
   4.  Narendra Modi

Ans – D ( Narendra Modi)

On June 1, 2016, Narendra Modi unveiled India’s first disaster management plan. This strategy aims to give government agencies a structure and direction for disaster prevention, mitigation, and management.

15. According to the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), which storm is classified as a “Super cyclone” when the wind blows at whatever speed?

1. 1. Above 200 km
   2. Above 110 km
   3. Above 220 km
   4. None of the above

Ans – C (Above 220 km)

A Super Cyclone, according to the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), occurs when a storm’s wind speed exceeds 220 km. Standardize super cyclone wind speeds exceeding 260 km throughout the world.

16. Which one of the following is not a Natural Disaster?

1. 1. Volcano eruption
   2. Flood
   3. Blow-out
   4. Tsunami

Ans – C (Blow-out)

The term “blow-out” refers to a dangerous scenario or disaster. It implies simply overcoming a life-threatening condition. The phrase “blow-out” refers to when individuals and governments can deal with a dangerous situation or recover from a calamity without losing any lives. Weather forecasters, for example, provide warnings of cyclones, tornadoes, severe rains, weather changes and so on to exaggerate the situation.

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