The Union Coal Minister highlighted that scaling up surface coal and lignite gasification projects can substitute up to ₹3 lakh crore in expensive chemical and fuel imports.
Process Definition: Coal gasification is a thermo-chemical manufacturing process that uses high temperature and pressure to break down raw coal or lignite into its basic chemical constituents instead of burning it.
The Reaction Matrix: Rather than standard combustion in open air, the solid coal is reacted with a carefully controlled, limited amount of oxygen, steam, or carbon dioxide inside a closed gasifier vessel.
Core Output (Syngas): The primary output generated is Synthesis Gas (Syngas), which is a highly versatile combustible gas mixture consisting predominantly of Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide, and small fractions of Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and water vapor.
Downstream Industrial Applications: Syngas serves as a critical chemical building block that can be processed to manufacture synthetic fertilizers (Urea), essential industrial chemicals (Methanol, Olefins), and clean Hydrogen fuel.
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