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The Mughal dynasty reigned from the 1500s and was founded by Babur and lasted till the mid-1800s. During the Mughal Empire’s 331-year lifespan, the kings were all descendants of the same dynasty, the “Timurid house”. This Mughal Empire was founded after the “Battle of Panipat”. This dynasty had numerous kings, but the initial six seem to be the most formidable. All Mughal emperors were instrumental in bringing the empire to its pinnacle. The Mughals, who dominated this “Hindu subcontinent”, were Muslims. They left several priceless antiquities behind, including “the Red Fort”, “Taj Mahal”, and many others. List of Mughal emperors will be described in the following activities which will state who was the first Mughal emperor.
Emergence of the Mughal empire
The last king of the Lodi sultanate, Ibrahim Lodhi, was vanquished by the founder of “Mughal dynasty”, Babur in 1526 who was a successor of Timur and Chengiz Khan, the great “Central Asian conquerors”, that is why Babur, as well as his supporters, are known as the Mughals, a Persian-Arabic name for Mongols.
List of Mughal Emperors
Name of the King | Reign | Notes |
Babur | 1526-1530 | First Mughal emperor of India after the victory of “battle of Panipat” and “battle of Khanwa”. |
Humayun | 1530-1540 1555-1556 | “Sher Shah Suri of the Suri empire” deposed Humayun in 1540, but then he was restored to a dynasty in 1555 after “Islam Shah Suri’s” demise. |
Akbar | 1556-1605 | During the “Second Battle of Panipat”, he accompanied Bairam Khan to conquer Hemu and went on to win historic victories in the “Siege of Chittorgarh” as well as “the Siege of Ranthambore”. “The Lahore Fort” is one of his best-known architectural feats. “Jizyah, a tax levied” on Hindus, was eliminated. |
Jahangir | 1605-1627 | “The British East India Company ” was established. |
Shah-Jahan | 1628-1658 | Mughal artwork, as well as architecture, were at their pinnacle during his reign. In Lahore, he built “the Taj Mahal”, “the Jama Masjid”, “the Red Fort”, “the Jahangir Mausoleum”, as well as “the Shalimar Gardens”. |
Aurangzeb | 1658-1707 | He issued the “Fatawa-e-Alamgiri”, which redefined Islamic law. He seized the Sultanate of Golconda’s diamond fields and devoted most of the next 27 years fighting “Maratha rebels”, expanding the kingdom to its full extent. |
Muhammad Azam Shah | March 1707-June 1707 | He was the successor of the previous Mughal Emperor Aurangazeb. In the entire Mughal Emperor, Muhammad Azam Shah reigned for 3 months. |
Bahadur Shah I | 1707-1712 | Among the Marathas, he had done required settlements, relaxed the Rajputs. After that, he had made good connections with Sikhs in Punjab. |
Jahandar Shah | 1712-1713 | He ruled the Mughal Emperor after Bahadur Shah I for 350 days. He was highly influenced by Zulfikar Khan |
Farrukhsiyar | 1713-1719 | He ruled for almost 6 years. He handed “East India Company” a fireman during 1717 that enabled him to gain “duty-free” special privileges in Bengal. |
Rafi ud-Darajat | February 1719- June 1719 | He is known for the rise of “Syed Brothers” as power brokers. |
Shah Jahan II | June 1719- September 1719 | He was chosen by Sayyid Brothers |
Muhammad Shah | 1719-1748 | He waged a battle with Marathas and lost Deccan and Malwa in this war. In 1739, he was subjected to the Nader Shah assault. |
Ahmad Shah Bahadur | 1748-1754 | In the battle of Sikandarabad, Mughal forces, led by this emperor, were defeated by Marathas. |
Alamgir II | 1754-1759 | He was the sixteenth Mughal Emperor of India and ruled for almost 5 years. |
Shah Jahan III | 1759-1760 | He helps in consolidating the power of collaboration by making Bengal-Bihar-Odisha Nawabs together. |
Shah Alam II | 1760- July 1788 October 1788- 1806 | He was defeated in the “battle of Buxar”. |
Shah Jahan IV | July 1788- October 1788 | Rohilla Ghulam Kadir enthroned him in 1788 and Shah Alam II came back again to rule the Mughal Empire. |
Akbar Shah II | 1806-1837 | Titular Figurehead under the protection of British |
Bahadur Shah II | 1837-1857 | The Mughal Empire came to an end by this king. He was dethroned by the British in 1857. |
Who was the first Mughal emperor?
The first Mughal emperor in India was Babur. After the victory of the “battle of Panipat” and “battle of Khanwa”, in 1526 Babur established the Mughal empire.
- Are descendants of the Mughal family still alive?
Currently, Ziauddin Tucy, the sixth-generation descendant of Bahadur Shah Zafar, and Sultana Begum, wife of the great-grandson of “Bahadur Shah Zafar” are still alive.
- Who was the first Mughal emperor of India?
Babur was the first Mughal emperor of India.
- How many Mughal emperors are there as per the list of Mughal Emperors?
Twenty Mughal emperors ruled on the Indian subcontinent which include India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
- Who ended the Mughal empire?
The Mughal empire ended with Bahadur Shah II in 1857 who died in a British prison.
- What is the total tenure of the Mughal empire?
The total tenure is 1526-1857. Throughout thirteen generations, the Mughal Empire had twenty kings.
Conclusion
As can be seen from the above discussion, the Mughal dynasty reigned from the 16th century and was founded by Babur and lasted till the 19th century. Twenty Mughal emperors ruled on the Indian subcontinent which include India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. This dynasty had numerous kings, but the initial six seem to be the most formidable. All Mughal emperors were instrumental in bringing the empire to its pinnacle. Here, a list of Mughal emperors has been described for a better understanding of the Mughal dynasty.
