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In the year 1773, The Regulating Act created an office named Governor-general of Presidency of Fort William. The governor-general was appointed by the court of directors of the East India Company. Those directors have elected a council of four members who helps the governor-general make a proper decision for the country. Later with the help of the Saint Helena Act 1833, this office was renamed Governor-General of India.
Purpose of this post: –
The governor general of India post was established to fulfil different duties. The Governor general of India organises the Federal Executive Council. Also, to make the commonwealth parliament functions easier, they also issue some new writs for Federal election by dissolving parliament. The Prime minister was also appointed and took an oath by them. The governor general’s power was increased with the help of the India Act 1784 on foreign affairs matters. At that time, only the governor-general could declare any war. No other presidents of East India Company can decide about the country.
A list of all governor general of india is given below, and some acts introduced at that time are also mentioned
Before that year 1773, the Governor General of the Presidency of Fort William had a different name: Governor of Bengal, which existed between 1757 to 1722. The whole list of all governor general of India are-
In the years between 1773 to 1833 the governor general of India was Warren Hastings. He started his journey on 20th October 1773 and left this post on 8th February 1785. During that time, some important facts and events were held. The Regulating Act was introduced that year, The Supreme Council of Bengal was created. Along with that the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William was established, The Asiatic Society, Pitt’s India Act was also created. Treasury was moved from Murshidabad to Calcutta during that period. Some war also happened at the time of Hastings.
After Warren Hastings, the next name on the list of all governor generals of Bengal was Sir John Macpherson Bt. His period as a Governor- General was from 8th February 1785 to 12th September 1786. On 12th September 1786, Earl Cornwallis was selected as governor-general of Bengal. At that time, some lower courts and some appellate courts were established. The Sunset Law, The Cornwallis Code, was created. John Shore was the next one which started his journey on 28th October 1793 and completed his journey on 18th March 1798. He also started a policy of Non-intervention. The Charter Act also was introduced at that time. On 18th March 1798, Lt Gen Alured Clarke was appointed governor-general of Bengal. The next one was Marquess Wellesley. He was the first one who introduced the Subsidiary Alliance, along with that the Fort William College also was established in Calcutta in 1800. The next member in the list of all governor generals of Bengal was Marquess Cornwallis. Nextly Sir George Barlow Bt, Lord Minto, The Marquess of Hasting, John Adam, The Earl Amherst, William Butterworth Bayley.
In the year between 1833 to 1858, the name of the post was changed. The new name of the post was Governors-General of India. The First one was Lord William Bentinck. He introduced the Bengal Sati Regulation; English Education Act also was started by him, and the Medical College and Hospital also was established during his time. Sir Charles Metcalfe was the next one who was also included in the all governor general of india list. He established the National Library of India. The Earl of Auckland, The Lord Ellenborough, William Wilberforce bird, Henry Hardinge, The Earl of Dalhousie and Viscount Canning were Governor of India. Some noticeable events were the Bank of Maharashtra’s establishment, the Indian Slavery Act was introduced, and Debendranath Tagore was creating Tattvabodhini Sabha. The very famous Hindu Widow’s Remarriage Act was also introduced at that time. All governor generals of India were very talented and also chosen from the people who belonged to the elite class of the society.
Then from 1901 to 1910, Edward VII got that responsibility. George V was the next one then, Edward VIII lastly, George VI took the position to appoint a Governor-General of India.
Conclusion
So many people were appointed as Governor of India. They also mark their name in World History by their outstanding works. So many Acts, institutes, etc. Was started by them, which helps the world to look forward to making a modern social culture.
