Elementary Statistics

Statistics is one of the most powerful branches of knowledge present in this world. This branch usually deals with the solving of numerical and holds applications in various branches of employment as well as in day-to-day human lives. Be it in research, politics, automation, technology or education statistics plays an important role. It is described as the art and science of analyzing, gathering and making inferences from the data as described by the New Encyclopedia Britannica.

Statistics is been extremely helpful in analyzing the present conditions and in making future predictions, the branch is also useful in recording the facts, objects and events that include the role of the statistical data. Statistics prove to be of immense help in the modern era in gathering opinions in the form of surveys. The opinions gathered plays an influential role in the decision making role that makes an immense contribution to the development of the sector and the society as a whole. Be it during the counting of the votes in elections or the decision-making process in the corporate sector, the role of statistics is of immense help.

Use of Statistics in the Modern Times:

The use of statistics is immense in the modern world. Statistics is used in various branches of data collection and various segments of employment, Be it finding the data regarding the birth and the death rates, or be it the data collection in the sports arena, be it the data collection to address the developmental issues of the society or be it to calculate the inflation or the deflation rates, the statistics have been a variety of the sectors. Also, the role of statistics in the modern age of Information Technology where this branch of mathematics is used in the development of various software programs.

What is Elementary Statistics?

The branch of mathematics that deals with the collection of data, organization of analytics, interpretation of the data and the presentation of the data is known as Elementary Statistics. 

Example: Collection of data regarding the total number of male and female voters in the city, collection of the data regarding the total number of educated and uneducated voters in the city, collection of data regarding the socio-economic conditions of the voters in the city and so on.

Categories of Statistics:

Statistics can be segmented into two segments namely, Descriptive and Inferential Statistics.

1. Descriptive Statistics: This segment of statistics mainly deals with the collecting, organizing and presentation of the data in an appropriate and creative manner to represent the characteristics of the group is known as Descriptive Statistics.
2. Inferential Statistics: This segment of the statistics deals with the drawing of inferring the conclusions regarding the population on the basis of the pre-elected points of the population.

Steps to perform the representation of the data in elementary statistics.

(A) Data Representation in the Tabular Form:

Step 1: Arrangement of the data in the increasing or decreasing order.

Step 2: Make a box with the appropriate number of columns and rows.

Step 3: Filling of appropriate headings in the first row and first column.

Step 4: The final step, filling all the collected data in the box created in steps 2 and step 3.

(B) Data Representation in the Bar Graph Form:

Step 1: In the first step, draw the two axes (x and y)

Step 2: Denote the class interval (C.I) in the x-axes

Step 3: Denote the frequency on the y-axes

Step 4: Situate the bars on the graph in the way that they are adjacent and also separate from each other. The height of the bars represents the data collected during the survey.

(C) Data Representation in the form of Pie Chart:

Step 1: In the first step draw a circle

Step 2: use of the formula of elementary statistics i.e, Central Angle = 360 (degrees) * frequency of the observation / the number of observations in total

Step 3: Taking the help of the compass draw the central angles

Measurement of Central Tendency in Elementary Statistics:

(a) Mean: The mean of the data can be found by the formula of elementary statistics. The mean of the data is the same as the average of the data.

(b) Median: The median of the data is the middlemost observation present on the data. The median of the data can be found with the help of appropriate steps that include,

(i) In the first step, arrange the data in ascending or descending order.

(ii) Male a count of the number of observations.

(iii) The position of the median varies based on whether the number of observations is odd or even.

(c) Mode: The value that occurs most frequently in the observation is the Mode of the Data and it is denoted by MO.

Conclusion:

The article has briefed about the branch of statistics by giving special importance to the segment of elementary statistics. The uses, the steps to find out the solutions to the problems and the names of the terms used in the branch of statistics have also been mentioned.