Railway Exam » Railway Exam Study Materials » Mathematics » Elementary Statistics

Elementary Statistics

This article will focus on elementary statistics, what it means, what its features are and explain its objectives. The article will further mention questions and examples regarding elementary statistics questions.

What Are Statistics?

Statistics have shown to be a beneficial instrument in practically all disciplines of work throughout the globe. Statistics could be found in various fields, including study, teaching, economics, government, psychiatry, and even the most basic occurrence that requires study. According to the New Encyclopaedia Britannica, statistics seems to be the art and science of acquiring, interpreting, and drawing conclusions from the results.

It’s proven beneficial for keeping track of information regarding individuals, items, and incidents and generating predictions based on the evidence presented. Data is an essential instrument for getting views from a survey in today’s world. These viewpoints frequently have impacted citizens, assisting them in anticipating future responses or activities. In the instance of a firm, for reference, if a study reveals unfavourable feedback from customers, the firm of a specific product might improve advertising, product quality, or cost.

What Is Elementary Statistics?

Elementary stats is a field of mathematics that examines the gathering, storage, evaluation, interpreting, and reporting of information (details).

For example, a compilation of senior individuals of various ages in a city, data gathering about senior citizens’ illnesses, etc., are examples of elementary statistics.

Let’s look at the types of fundamental questions that applicants can hope to encounter on a significant entrance test.

Types Of Elementary Statistics

Statistical data can be separated into four categories: descriptive and inferential statistics.

Descriptive Statistics:

Collecting, arranging, and displaying information effectively and artistically to characterise or expose collective traits is referred to as descriptive statistics.

Inferential Statistics:

Inferential statistics deals with inferring or making conclusions about a group based on previously collected data on group elements.

The essential features of elementary statistics:

Elementary statistics has some essential features that are mentioned below:

  • Analysing tests: Tests are planned and assessed. You’ll be able to determine whether or not the study results are reliable.
  • Descriptive statistics are statistics that describe something. Give examples of facts, such as the average and interquartile limit.
  • It is the likelihood of something occurring, like winning the next election, locating a parking spot, or snowing on a particular day.
  • Statistics and infographics will be reviewed. Some of these, such as the normal distribution, may be known to you, the bell curve.
  • Charts: Many of these, such as the z-table and t-table, will be used in fundamental statistics. Tables provide a wealth of information on different data estimates.
  • Regression and correlation: You’ll use graphs like graphical representations to match evidence to formulas. You’ll also discover predictions for the future.

Examples Of Elementary Statistics:

Below some examples of elementary statistics are mentioned:

  1. Question: If the mode is 5, and the mean – median is 10,

The formula that was utilised

Mode = mean – 3 (mean – median)

Answer

We know that the mode equals the mean minus three (mean -median)

Put the value, 5 = mean – 3 (10)

Mean = 30 + 5 = 35

  1. Question:

What is the Mode of the following data:

X

31

15

60

42

29

8

35

21

f(x)

9

5

13

9

11

17

16

10

 

  1. 29
  2. 15
  3. 8
  4. 60

Answer: option c. 8

Hint: In a set of numerical values, the mode is the most frequent data that appears in regards to the collected data.

Solving:

33 occurred 8 times

15 occurred 4 times

60 occurred 12 times

42 occurred 8 times 

29 occurred 10 times

8 occurred 16 times 

35 occurred 15 times

21 occurred 9 times

Hence, the answer is 8 as it occurred most.

 

  1. Question :

The data set is given as 40.

Hint :

The Amount of variance is exactly the square of standard deviation.

Solution :

Deviation means  √Variance

Maths :  

By  the formula :

Variance of the given amount of data = 40^2 = 1600

 

Characteristics of elementary statistics:

 

The following paragraphs list the characteristics of statistics:

 

Statistics can be recognised as aggregated facts:

Only data analysed in connection to time, place, or frequency are classified as statistics. Single, isolated, or disconnected data aren’t statistics as they can’t be compared.

Affected Because Of Multiplicity:

Survey data is far more closely linked to social fields of science, so as a result, modifications are influenced by a variety of causes. Unfortunately, we cannot investigate the impact of a particular factor on an occurrence. 

Mentioned In Numerical Values:

Statistics cannot represent quantitative things that cannot be mathematically represented, such as integrity, fairness, and talent. However, if a quantitative representation is assigned, it may be called ‘statistics.’

Conclusion

The above article talks about elementary statistics along with its features. The article goes further in detail about how statistics help collect and interpretation of important dates