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The Mughal dynasty was founded by Babur, a ruler of Forgana province, presently situated in Afghanistan. Through the Mughal Emperor, the Indian subcontinent saw a new emergence of Muslim culture in India. The Mughal Dynasty was the early Islamic period in the Indian subcontinent. Through the Mughal Dynasty, real and strong Muslim dominance was established in India. Through the great kings of this dynasty, the Indian culture, sculpture and religion were immensely affected in various aspects. The Mughal emperor was the largest and greatest emperor in medieval India. The Mughal emperor got the most dominant political supremacy by late 1600.
The establishment of the Mughal Empire
The Mughal Emperor was established by Jahiruddin Mahammad Babur. Who was born in AfghanistaN. His father’s name was Umar Sheikh Mirza and his mother’s name was Qutlug Nigar Khatum. He was appointed as the ruler of Forgana at the age of 12. Daulat Khan Lodi invited Babur to attack India. He accepted the invitation and attacked India. In the First Battle of Panipat in the year 1526, Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi. Thus, he established the foundation of the Mughal Rule in India.
Mughal Ruler
Mughal Ruler | Year | Contribution |
|---|---|---|
Babur | 1526 AD-1530 AD | Babur established the Mughal Empire in 1526 by winning the First Battle of Panipat. Babur first introduced the canon system, and he is credited with the use of gunpowder in the battle. |
Humayun | 1530 AD-1556 AD | Humayun was the eldest son of Babur. After the death of Babur, he ascended the throne. Humayun was defeated by Sher Shah in the Battle of Chausa in 1539. There was a temporary break in the Mughal Emperor. |
Akbar | 1556 AD-1605 AD | Akbar was said to have been the greatest king of the Mughal Empire. He is credited with many social and religious reforms in his lifetime. Akbar was well known for his new religion called “Din-I ilahi”. |
Jahangir | 1569 AD – 1627 AD | Jahangir was the son of Akbar. He was a patron of the paintings. He granted special privileges to the British and the Portuguese. |
Shah Jahan | 1592 AD-1666AD | Shah Jahan was the son of Jahangir. Shah Jahan founded one of the greatest monuments, the “Taj Mahal”, in the memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal. |
Aurangzeb | 1618 AD-1707 AD | Aurangzeb was the son of Shah Jahan. He was the last effective Mughal emperor in the Mughal Empire. |
Mughal dynasty
The Mughal Dynasty was divided into Subas. These subas were further divided into parganas, sarkar and gram. During the ruling period of Akbar, there were 15 subas. In Aurangzeb’s time, these subas were increased to 20. Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system. The keyword “Mansab” means, “rank”. The Mansabdari system can be both military and civil. In the Mughal Empire, the revenue collection was of three types : Kankut, Jabti and Rai. The Zabti system was introduced by Raja Todar Mal. It was a land revenue system.
Islam was consolidated in India through the Mughals, and they spread culture, arts as well as religious beliefs. The Mughals were Muslims in religion who ruled a country with a Hindu majority. Akbar established a great example of religious tolerance, such as Muslims were never forced to follow Islamic law. Hindus were also permitted to regulate their own laws and religious rituals. Akbar abolished the Jizya tax in 1564 imposed on Hindus.
Conclusion
The Mughal Empire was very significant in bringing the entire Indian subcontinent under one domain. The Mughal Dynasty was widely known for its cultural, religious and architectural achievements. The well-organized army, government and economy made the Mughal Empire one of the greatest and most powerful empires in India. During the reign of Akbar, Jahangir and Shahjahan, the architecture was the blending of Hindu and Islamic architecture. The Mughals modernized the military system with the introduction of gunpowder and cannons. They also introduced the Mansabdari system and the Zamindari system. The Mughals served a very important role in preventing foreign invasions on a large scale.
