Ending of Harappan Civilization

Another name for Harappan civilisation is recognised as Indus Valley civilisation, which is the prematurely known urban culture of the subcontinent of India. Harappan Civilisation has improved the primary accurate system of the standardised measures and weight where the Harappan form “seals”, “pottery”, “sculpture” and some jewellery from the materials like metal, stone and terracotta. The Discovery of the Harappan culture and civilization was mainly founded by “Raj Bahadur Daya Ram Sahini”. Harappan civilization was dated between 1900 and 2600 BC. In the earlier days, Harappan culture was mainly known by two types, which include “Early Harappan” and “Later Harappan”. The Harappan civilisation continued for many years but the people of Harappa have seen decline and the end of Harappan civilisation are reflected due to severe reasons. The reason was mainly considered because of the natural facts, which are demonstrated in this study.

Discovery of Harappan Civilisation

In the era of 1862, Alexander Cunningham was the surveyor of archaeology who had searched for some strange unrecognised seals in the neighbouring area of Punjab, Harappa. At Harappa, the initial extensive excavations were initiated in the year 1920 by “Rai Bahadur Daya ram Sahini” which created the history in the discovery of Harappan civilisation. The work and “contemporaneous excavations” at Mohenjo-Daro primarily brought to the attention of the world. The existence of forgotten civilisation of the Indus valley is the premature urban culture in the subcontinent of India. Early in 1921, Dayaram Sahani and Rakhal Das Banerjee had discovered the major two renowned cities of Mohenjo Daro and Harappa. The unearthing of the two sites has brought some facts regarding the discovery of Harappan civilisation and the end of Harappan civilisation. The facts claim that the people of Indus valley particularly had consistent city cultures with highly scientific and advanced civic planning. 

End of Harappan Civilisation

Harappan civilization had collapsed by 1300 BC and the society had seemed to decline by 1900 BC. The “Indus valley civilisation” or “Harappan civilisation” declined around 1800 BCE. The Harappan civilisation was the most beautiful civilisation at that Romanian time where the creation of sculptures, cities, drainage systems was the most famous innovation. The end of the Indus valley civilization was not the reason caused by humans but due to some natural facts. Harappan civilization was finished with an intricate system of sewing, public baths, reservoirs, and it was long antecedent of the Roman Empire. In illustrating the end of Harappan civilization, it is reflected that Harappan civilization arose in the Indus valley between Northwest India and Northeast Afghanistan over 5000 years ago peaking at almost 2600 BC. 

End of the Harappan Civilisation: Reasons

1. It is believed by many historians, the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization was because of the transformation to the geography and climate of the particular area. It is predicted that movement in the “Earth’s crust” resulted in the flood of the Indus river and led to the transformation of direction.
2. Another reason emerges with the destruction of Harappan or Indus valley civilization due to the invasion. It is claimed by the British archaeologist that Aryans, the Indo European tribe, have overwhelmed and conquered the Indus River valley.
3. Drying of the rivers due to climatic and geographic change is the major reason for the abrupt end of the Harappan civilisation. The outbreak of the pandemic of plague is represented as the cause for the decline of Indus Valley or Harappan civilisation and culture.

Conclusion

The discovery and the process of innovation of Harappan Civilisation or culture have been mentioned in the chapters. Flood, rainfall, and the major climatic changes are the reason for the decline of Harappan civilisation where scholars and scientists have raised the question of invasion of Aryan to be the main reason for the end of Harappan civilisation.