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The word Equator is derived from a Latin word ‘aequare ‘ that means make equal just like what Equator does; it serves as a halfway between the north pole and south pole.
The Equator is an imaginary line that passes through the earth horizontally . It divided the earth into two halves that are known as the. North hemisphere and south Hemisphere. The imaginary line is a zero degree latitude. The length or more appropriately the circumference of the latitude is around 40,075km.The area receives a constant heat from the Sun throughout the year and hence the area that is bound by Equator the Equatorial regions receive a high temperature and rainfall throughout the year. The rainfall is torrential rainfall and evergreen vegetation is present in the areas.Some of the countries on Equator are Brazil ,Colombia ,Kenya ,Sumatra, Indonesia,Conogo , Uganda .
Equator
It is an imaginary line passing through the centre of the earth. There are five important circles of latitude that are present on the earth these are -:
- Equator
- Tropic of Cancer
- Tropic of Capricorn
- Arctic circle
- Antarctic circle
The equator divides the earth into Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere.The equator experiences the shortest sunrise and sunset.
Equatorial Region
The Equatorial region extends from 10Degree North to 10degree south latitude along the equator.The religion covers around 6% of the Earth’s surface.
Climate of Equatorial Region
The climate of the region experiences high temperatures as the sun is overhead and the heat received from the Sun is high. The mean annual temperature is around 27 degree Celsius. The region also receives high rainfall with a mean annual rainfall of around 250mm. The rainfall is convectional rainfall with cumulonimbus clouds. The rainfall is also called 2 o’clock rainfall.It is characterised by thunderstorm and lightning.The region due to high temperature around the year do not have winter season.
Flora and Fauna of Equatorial Region
The evergreen trees,parasitic plants ,and epiphytes are the common vegetation of the area. The area is a home to around 3000 species of trees.The vegetation is in the form of canopy structure. Moreover the vegetation is so diverse and dense that the struggle for sunlight has made different layers of vegetation.
The Fauna of the region includes African elephant , gorilla, chimpanzee, flying squirrels,jaguar,poison dart frog, turtles and anteater.
Soil of Equatorial Region
The high temperatures and rainfall in the region accelerates the weathering process thus making the soil clayey with limited mineral content.The soil is highly acidic and the excessive rainfall leads to washing of the topsoil which inturn takes the mineral matter and makes the soil devoid of nutrients.
Inhabitants
The Equatorial region has the inhabitants the Pygmies of Africa and certain Indian tribes.
Agriculture
The Equatorial region practises different forms of agriculture. The most prevalent form of agriculture in the region is the migratory agriculture or the slash and burn agriculture.
Disease
The hot and humid climate of the Equatorial region supports the growth of various microorganisms like the bacteria ,fungi etc. Due to thus the area is prone to large scale disease like malaria, dengue , filariasis, yellow fever etc
Countries on Equator
Varius countries that pass through Equator or lie on Equator are listed below from West to East as follows -:
- Ecuador
- Colombia
- Brazil
- Sao Tome and Principe
- Gabon
- Republic of Congo
- Democratic republic of Congo
- Uganda
- Kenya
- Somalia
- Indonesia
Conclusion
The Earth is divided into two halves by an imaginary line passing through the centre; this line is known as the equator. Equator is a latitude and to be specific it is a zero degree latitude that serves as a halfway between the north pole and south pole.
The earth has five important circles, one of which is the equator. The region surrounding the equator is known as the Equatorial region. The extends from 10Degree North to 10degree south latitude.The area covers around 6% of the Earth’s surface but the contribution towards the ecology and environment is immense.The region experiences high temperature with the mean annual temperature as 27 degree celsius along the high rainfall of around 250 mm annually.
