Biodiversity of Nepal

Introduction

The mountain of Nepal contains a high variety of endemic species occurring in upland and alpine zones. Nepalese rangelands have high multifariousness and are calculable to hide nearly 12-tone system of the country’s total space, providing surround for numerous flowering plants, as well as endemic species and life as globally vulnerable species. In addition, these grasslands conjointly sustain domestic stock that is a crucial supply of native livelihoods.

Nepal’s biodiversity is the main mirror of its distinctive geographic position, wide elevation variations and numerous climates that end in five main physiographic zones within a brief horizontal span. Set within the central Himalayas, eighty-six of the entire area is roofed by hills and high mountains, and also the remaining fourteen of the area contains the flatlands of the Terai that are but 300m in elevation.

Body

Forests, at the side of shrublands, covered 39.6% of Nepal’s area. There are some local variations in terms of changes in the forest conditions. In the last few decades, the number of forests within the tropical lowlands and on the Siwalik Hills have been affected by high rates of deforestation and degradation. Forests within the Middle Mountains are generally higher managed, and in several places, forest cowl has multiplied in recent years because of community biology programmes. Many croplands, which are situated in the hills and mountains, are quickly neglected in a few years because of a shortage of labour. This makes the youth less involved in the agricultural field and they migrate to urban areas in the search of jobs. This has increased the scope for the introduction of perennial crops/commodities and forest species in those areas.

The economy of Nepal is incredibly hooked on the employment of natural resources. Diversity is directly connected to the economy and the livelihood of the people of this country. It is also directly related to the life of the people of this country and it also affects the productivity in the agricultural sector, food storage, health and nutrition, the equality among its people, the storage of water, and the cultural aspect of the society. In addition, the country’s diversity is a very important supply of revenue.

Nepal’s typical geography and the recent changes in its elevation have affected its rich flora and fauna, and the change in climate condition also affects the biodiversity of this country. More than 110 ecosystems are there in Nepal. Out of that, almost 104 are forest ecosystems, 4 are crop ecosystems, 1 is an aquatic system, and 1 is a glacier. These

ecosystems vary from the tall grasslands, marshlands and tropical and subtropical deciduous

forests on the Tarai and Siwalik Hills to the subtropical and tropical deciduous and coniferous tree forests within the Middle Mountains. What is more, their square measures mixed and coniferous tree forests within the High Mountains and alpine meadows are higher than the timberline. Among the ground ecosystems, the tropical savannas and alpine meadows square measure exceptionally made in diverseness. The Nepalese wetlands have significant ecological significance, as they supply the environment for several vulnerable and endemic species of flora and fauna, and function as resting places for several migratory and globally vulnerable birds. The wetlands even have high cultural and economic significance. Nepal conjointly encompasses a high degree of agro-ecological diversity.

The trend within the conservation paradigm in  Nepal has been dynamic from species conservation to landscape management. The 20 protected areas and 12 buffer zones within the country cover 23% of the entire space and are established in several physiographic regions. They belong to totally different classes, comprising 10 national parks, 3 life reserves, half-dozen conservation areas, 1 searching reserve, and 12 buffer zones around protected areas.

The distribution of protected areas in the country reveals that highlands generally are well protected in terms of coverage, whereas middle hills are less painted below the protected space system, but they are well coated below the community-based management regime. There are 27 vital bird areas hosting the richest bird species in Asia. So, 286 plant species and 160 animal species are rumoured as being endemic to this country, targeted at upland and alpine zones.

Conclusion 

Apart from the mountains, deep gorges, watercourse valleys and flatlands, it provides a novel assemblage of different habitats and niche diversity at intervals of a little geographic area. This country is slightly but 0.1% of the world’s landmass. However, it contains a disproportionately giant diversity of plants and animals. The country’s 118 ecosystems harbour over two flowering plants, three-dimensional pteridophytes and the bryophytes within the world’s flora. Similarly, the country harbours 3.9% of the mammals, 8.9% of the birds, and 3.7% of the world’s fauna of butterflies.