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Haryana, which borders the Indian capital of New Delhi, is one of the most culturally diverse states in the country. Haryana is a literary term that means “Hari’s Forest Land.”
On November 1, 1966, Haryana separated from Punjab due to linguistic differences. Haryana is one of India’s more prosperous states.
‘Haryana’ is a misspelling of ‘Hariana,’ which means the location as ‘the heaven on earth’ as mentioned in a Sanskrit inscription in the Delhi Museum from 1328 AD. Haryana is ‘Bahudhhanyaka’, ‘country of copious grains,’ and ‘Bahudhana,’ ‘land of vast wealth,’ in the epic Mahabharat, which earned this province an international reputation.
History of Haryana
Haryana, which means “Forest land of Hari” (goddess Vishnu), has a long and illustrious history dating back to the Vedic period. The State, with the literal meaning ‘of the heaven on earth, was the birthplace of the fabled Bharata dynasty, from whence the country’s name ‘Bharat’ was derived. The Vedas were written here, Lord Krishna delivered the renowned Bhagwad-Gita discourse during the Mahabharata War, and Ved Vyas composed the epic ‘Mahabharata’ in Sanskrit in this same area. Much of the Hindu religion and civilisation has developed on modern-day Haryana’s flat, arid plains.
Throughout history, waves of invaders have flooded through the plains of Haryana, fighting wars along the way.
Timur led his army across the State towards Delhi towards the end of the 14th century.
The invading Mughals beat the governing Lodi dynasty’s army at the Fight of Panipat in 1526, and the Mughals won another key battle there 30 years later, in 1556.
The Marathas ruled Haryana by the mid-eighteenth century, but their reign ended in 1761 when the Afghans led by Ahmed Shah Abdali beat the Marathas in the third battle of Panipat.
Geography of Haryana
In terms of area, Haryana, the forest land of Hari, is India’s 20th State. The other five states are responsible for it.
Haryana lies in northwest India, between 27 degrees 39′ N and 30 degrees 35′ N latitude and 74 degrees 28′ E and 77 degrees 36′ E longitude, at an elevation of 700-3600 feet above sea level.
Another important fact of Haryana is that it is bordered on the east by (UP) Uttar Pradesh, west by Punjab, north by Himachal Pradesh, and south by south Rajasthan. New Delhi, the nation’s capital, is surrounded on three sides by the State. The plains cover the majority of Haryana, with the Aravali mountain range beginning its westward trip from here. The only significant river that runs through this tiny State is the Yamuna.
Divisions of Haryana
Ambala, Bhiwani, Gurgaon, Faridabad, Fatehabad, Hisar, Kaithal, Karnal, Jhajjar, Mahendragarh, Mewat, Jind, Kurukshetra, Panchkula, Rewari, Sirsa, Sonepat, Rohtak, and Yamunanagar, Palwal, Panipat, are the four divisions and 21 districts that make up the forest land of Hari, Haryana.
It is primarily a rural state, with 70% of the inhabitants residing in villages. Chandigarh is the state capital, and Faridabad, part of the National Capital Region, is the most populated city.
Gurgaon is one of India’s most important financial and technological centres. Haryana comprises six administrative divisions, 93 revenue tehsils, 72 districts, 6,848 villages, 50 sub-tehsils, 154 cities and towns,140 community development blocks, and 6,222 villages panchayats.
There are 32 special economic zones, most of which are part of the industrial corridor projects that connect the NCR region.
Economic Profile of Haryana
The State is one of India’s main automobile centres, producing two-thirds of its passenger vehicles, 50% tractors, and 60% motorbikes. This is another important fact of Haryana.
The State has also established itself as a hub for the knowledge economy, including IT and biotechnology.
Haryana is the third-largest software exporter and one of the most sought-after IT/ITeS facilities locations. In the Business Reforms Action Plan 2017, Haryana was ranked third best for ease of doing business.
State Symbols of Haryana
Haryana’s emblem depicts a rising sun and a lotus blooming from a lake. The government of Haryana is the title of the document. It is encircled by an olive branch garland and has the national emblem with the Indian Republic’s motto as a crest.
Haryana’s state animal is the blackbuck. The Black Francolin, commonly known as the Black Pheasant, is the state animal of heaven on earth found in north and central India.
Haryana’s state flower is the Lotus, often known as the Water Lily.
Rivers of Haryana
There are no perennial rivers in the forest land of Hari, Haryana. The Yamuna, Saraswati, and Ghaggar rivers are all significant.
The Yamuna is the State’s most significant river. The Yamuna, Naggar, Saraswati, Dohan, Tangri, Krishnawati, Sahib, and Markanda are the eight essential rivers of Haryana.
Flora and Fauna of Haryana
Another important fact of Haryana is its rich diversity in flora and fauna.
We find thorny, dry deciduous woodland and prickly bushes throughout the State.
During the monsoon, the hills are covered with a carpet of grass. Some of the trees found here are mulberry, eucalyptus, kikar, Shisham, and babul.
The blackbuck, nilgai, panther, fox, mongoose, jackal, and wild dog are among the animals present in Haryana. There are almost 300 different bird species to be seen here.
Demographics of Haryana
The population of Haryana is roughly two crores.
Population density is 477 persons per square kilometre. Haryana, like adjacent Punjab, has a skewed sex ratio of 861, with males outnumbering women by a wide margin.
Female foetuses are selectively aborted in a significant percentage of cases, indicating a general preference for male children.
Conclusion
Haryana, also known as India’s food bowl, is the 19th State of the Union of India, and it was formed on November 1, 1966, on linguistic grounds from the State of Punjab. Haryana has proven its mettle in agriculture, science and technology, and sports, and it is now one of India’s healthiest and wealthiest states. Increased spending on educational facilities, investment-friendly policies, a broader industrial base, infrastructure development, and a peaceful general environment point to the State’s rapid overall growth & development and the socio-economical development and prosperity of people in the coming years. The essential facts about Haryana are proof in and of themselves.
