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Food, clothing, medications, books, and most of the other items are all made from the powerful and flexible element called carbon. Furthermore, all living structures are also composed of carbon. The carbon content in the earth’s crust and environment is quite small. The earth’s crust contains only 0.02 percent carbon in the guise of minerals (such as carbonates, hydrogencarbonates, petroleum products, coal, oil and gas), while the atmosphere contains 0.03 percent carbon dioxide. Despite the fact that there is only a comparatively slight amount of carbon in existence, the significance of carbon appears to be enormous.
Electronic Configuration Of Carbon:
We understand that the element’s reaction is described by their proclivity to form a totally occupied outside shell, i.e. to form a principled configuration of gas. Ionic compounds are formed when elements increase or drop electrons. The outer shells perform this action of gaining or losing the electrons. Carbon, for example, has its outer shell made of four electrons. To attain the perfect configuration of gas, gaining or losing four electrons is required. If it gained or lost electrons, it could:
· Gain four electrons, resulting in the formation of C4– anion. However, nucleus will find it to be challenging to retain the ten electrons, or four additional electrons by means of six protons.
· By losing four electrons, resulting in the formation of a C4+ cation. However, it would take a significant energy amount to consider removing four electrons, leaving a carbon positive ion by means of six protons present in its nucleus and tw electrons.
Carbon and its compounds:
Carbon compounds are molecules containing a carbon atom. They are chemical substances formed when a carbon atom bonds to an atom of some other element. In general, these compounds are organic in nature. Many people believe that if a molecule includes carbon, it’s nature is organic. This is not the situation. carbon dioxide CO2 is one example of an inorganic carbon compound. Carbon and its compounds & hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. For example; Methane (CH4), Ethane (C2H6), Ethene (C2H4), Ethyne (C2H2) etc.
Carbon compounds are broadly classified into two types.
Compounds of Saturated Carbon
Saturated compounds are those that are comfortable by a presence of a single bond among them. Ethane is one such example (C2H6). In this case, a single bond accomplishes the octet or duplet of both atoms.
The compound of Unsaturated Carbon
Unsaturated carbon compounds are those that are only satisfied by double or triple bonds. Ethene C2H4 is a double-bonded unsaturated carbon compound.
Physical Properties of Carbon and its compounds:
Carbon’s physical properties differ depending on its allotrope. Graphite and diamond are the two most important allotropes. Both of these have diametrically opposed physical properties.
Diamond is colorless and transparent, whereas graphite is black and not transparent.
Graphite has a soft, spongy surface, whereas diamond is the toughest material known to humankind.
Graphite is an ideal electrical conductor, whereas diamond does not conduct electricity at all.
Two very different allotropic elements are solid and non-gaseous.
Graphite and diamond are also insoluble in water.
It sublimes when it turns to gaseous form; it does not melt when heated.
Chemical Properties of Carbon and its compounds:
With the evolvement of light and heat, the carbon compound undertakes a combustion reaction that produces CO2 and H2O.
In the presence of catalysts, unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkynes and alkenes) undertake an extra reaction.
Saturated hydrocarbons act as a catalyst for substitution reactions. In the presence of sunlight, methane, for example, undergoes chlorinates.
Conclusion
Through the study material carbon and its compounds notes, we have explored several topics, including the Electronic Configuration Of Carbon, classification of Carbon compounds, Physical Properties of Carbon and its compounds, Chemical Properties of Carbon and its compounds, and other related topics. We also discussed several key properties and carbon and its compounds in detail to give proper knowledge.
