Types Of Blood Cells

What are blood cells?

Blood cells, also called hematopoietic cells, hematopoietic cells, or hematopoietic cells, are cells produced by hematopoiesis and found primarily in the blood. The main types of blood cells are:

• Red blood cells (red blood cells).
• White blood cells (white blood cells).
• Platelets (blood cells).

These three types of blood cells make up 45 percent of blood tissue, and the remaining 55 percent is plasma, the liquid component of blood.

What are the types of blood cells?

There are three types of blood cells:

Red blood cells (RBCs): Red blood cells or erythrocytes mainly transport oxygen and use hemoglobin to collect carbon dioxide. Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein that colors red blood cells and promotes the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs for exhalation. Red blood cells are the most abundant cells in the blood, accounting for about 40-45% of their volume. Red blood cells are round, biconcave, disc-shaped, and adaptable to compress tiny capillaries. They don’t have a core. As a result, red blood cells are much smaller than most other human cells.

White blood cells: White blood cells or leukocytes, it is a cell of the immune system that protects the body from infectious diseases and foreign substances. They are produced and induced from pluripotent cells of the bone marrow known as hematopoietic stem cells. White blood cells are found throughout the body, including in the blood and lymphatic system. Different types of white blood cells play a specific role in the human immune system. White blood cells make up about 1% of blood volume. Leukocytes are divided into granulocytes and non-granulocytes, which are distinguished by the presence or absence of granules in the cytoplasm. Granulocytes include basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, and mast cells. Granulocytes include lymphocytes and monocytes.

Platelets: Platelets or thrombocytes, tiny, irregularly shaped, transparent cell fragments with a diameter of 2-3 µm, are derived from the fragmentation of megakaryocytes. The average lifespan of platelets is usually only 5-9 days. Platelets are a natural source of growth factors. They circulate in the blood of mammals and are involved in hemostasis, which leads to the formation of blood clots. In addition, platelets release filamentous fibers to form these clots. 

The usual range of platelets (99% of the analyzed population) is between 150,000 and 450,000 per cubic millimeter. [6] Too few platelets can cause excessive bleeding. However, suppose the platelet count is too high. In that case, the blood clots form thrombosis, blocking blood vessels and causing events such as stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, or blockage of blood vessels in other body parts such as the extremities, arms, and legs that may be. 

Platelet abnormalities or disorders are called thrombocytopenia, where the number of platelets is low (thrombocytopenia), the function of platelets is reduced (thrombocytopenia), or the number of platelets is increased (thrombocytopenia Disease, There is a possibility.). Some disorders reduce the number of platelets, such as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), which usually cause thrombosis and thrombosis rather than bleeding.

More about red blood cells or erythrocytes

Red blood cells are formed from hematopoietic stem cells into red blood cells in a process known as erythropoiesis. In adults, about 2.4 million red blood cells are produced per second. Typical RBC numbers are 4.5 to 5 million per cubic meter. The life of RBC is about 100120 days. 

After they reach the end of their life, they are removed from the bloodstream by the spleen. Mature red blood cells are unique among the human body cells in that they do not have a nucleus (although erythroblasts have a nucleus). 

Too few red blood cells are called anaemia, and too many red blood cells are called hyper erythrocytosis. 

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is when red blood cells sink to the bottom (if placed on a vertical column after the addition of anticoagulant). Typical ESR values ​​are: 

• 3-5 mm per hour for men. 
• 4-7 mm per hour for women.

RBC Disorders

A number of disorders are associated with the red blood cells, some of which may even prove to be lethal in extreme cases. The majority of RBC diseases are caused by blood abnormalities or mutations. Hemoglobinopathies is one such disease associated with the erythrocytes. The medical name for a category of hereditary blood illnesses and diseases that mostly affect red blood cells is hemoglobinopathy. They are single-gene abnormalities that are inherited as autosomal codominant features in the majority of instances. Cytoskeletal abnormalities include the change in RBC membranes like spherocytosis and elliptocytosis. The genetic disorder in deficiency of enzymes like pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in RBCs is called RBC enzymopathies.

Conclusion 

In 1658, the Dutch naturalist Jan Swammerdam first observed red blood cells under a microscope, and in 1695 another Dutch microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek first painted the illustration of “red blood cells”. No blood cells were found until 1842 when the French doctor Alfred Français discovered the platelets. 

The following year, French medical professor Gabriel Andral and British doctor William Addison first observed white blood cells simultaneously. Both men believed that both red blood cells and white blood cells had changed due to the disease. These discoveries established a new field of medicine, hematology. 

Means of staining tissues and cells were available. Still, little progress was made in the knowledge of blood cell morphology until Paul Ehrlich announced in 1879 techniques for staining blood smears and methods for differentiating blood cells.