Respiratory System

The respiratory system helps the organs and other parts of the body in breathing mechanism during exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. In different species, breathing may vary depending on the environment and the size of the organ. It also varies depending on their history of evolution. The land animals have their respiratory system internalized, and it generally includes the lungs. In context to breathing, many small air sacs located in lungs help to exchange the gasses in the body. These are called “alveoli” in reptiles and mammals and are called “atria” in birds. These air sacs have a rich supply of blood. The respiratory system protects the human body from entering harmful germs into the lungs.

Breathing Mechanism of the Respiratory System:

Human body generally has two types of breathing processes, for instance, Inspiration and Expiration. Breathing mechanism further highlights, inspiration facilitates air movement from the environment into the lungs, while expiration results in air passage from body to the environment. 

During Inspiration, the air from the environment enters the human body. Inspiratory muscles

conduct the initial process. When the air pressure falls below the pressure level, then the air enters lungs. The larynx opens, and air comes out from the lungs when the alveoli surpass the atmospheric pressure because the pressure of the atmosphere remains the same. Breathing further highlights expansion and contraction of lung depending on the air pressure. In Inspiration, the diaphragm increases its dimension of the thoracic cavity. The action of the inspirational system increases the volume. The lungs also undergo an increasing volume as they are placed in the pleural sac. In expiration, air is expelled from the lungs. 

In expiration, the diaphragm returns to its previous position. The diaphragm reduces its dimension. The inspiratory muscle relaxes that resulted in the decrease of the thoracic cavity they turned back to their original position. 

Some major respiratory organs help in breathing and overall respiratory system that are mentioned below-

• Nose- The naval cavity or nose helps filter the air from the germ coming from the air. The mucus and nose hair presented in the nasal cavity catches the air particles and keeps them from entering the lungs.
• Pharynx- The pharynx is situated behind the larynx. It is a long tube. Through the pharynx, both food and air pass through.
• Larynx- Another name for the larynx is “voice box” because it mainly produces the voice. The situated air of the lungs passes through the larynx and produces voice.
• The trachea is a lo9ng pipe that goes down to the lungs. Trachea is divided into “bronchi”. These bronchi are further divided into smaller branches called ” bronchioles”. During eating and drinking, a small flap covers the “trachea” called ” epiglottis”. The epiglottis is controlled by the involuntary muscles. It helps to prevent food from entering the windpipe or lungs.
• Alveoli- At the end of the bronchioles, there are” alveoli”. They are little sacs that resemble grapes. Alveoli transform oxygen into carbon dioxide, which helps in the breathing system. That means the entrance of the oxygen and the removal of the carbon dioxide in the blood. “Simple diffusion”, the gasses are exchanged between alveoli and blood. 
• Diaphragm- The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle situated at the bottom of the rib cage. During the Inspiration, the diaphragm increases its column, and during the expiration, the diaphragm decreases its volume.

Respiration rate

The respiration rate depends from age to age which is mentioned below-

Deep breathing and its significance

There are many importance of deep breathing that are mentioned below.

• Deep breathing helps to enter a large amount of oxygen in the body and is the same way a large amount of carbon dioxide is also released from the body. Deep breathing helps to calm the mind and release anxiety.
•  Deep breathing improves blood flow and immunity and removes toxins from the body.It helps to sleep in a better way. For example, some undergoing insomnia has often suggested the exercise of deep breathing.
• Due to deep breathing, the body gets more oxygen, increasing our energy level.

Conclusion 

The human respiratory system plays one of the major roles in the body. The transportation of the main two gasses, oxygen and carbon dioxide, occurs through the respiratory system. The respiratory system depends on the environment, characteristics and species of the different kinds of animals and plants. One of the major processes in the respiration system is the Cellular respiration system. It is further divided into two parts that are “Glycolysis” and “Krebs cycle”. Glycolysis occurs in the cell cytoplasm, and the Krebs cycle occurs in cell mitochondria.