Golgi Apparatus

Golgi Apparatus/Golgi Body/Golgi Complex is the part of a cell (eukaryotic cells) and is present in cytoplasm of the system of endomembrane. It is used to pack the proteins before the vesicles within the cell membrane and is also used to secrete the proteins. It exists at endocytic, lysosomal and secretory pathways intersection. The Golgi Apparatus was recognised by Camillo Golgi, the Italian scientist in 1897 and in 1898 the name Golgi Apparatus was named after the Italian scientist. It is made up of cisternae, the stacked and flattened series of pouches. It is basically responsible for packing, transporting as well as modifying the lipids and proteins into membrane vesicles to target site. The Golgi Apparatus consists of vacuoles, vesicles and tubules. It is present near the nucleus of a cell and next to the endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm. The Golgi Body is basically the shipping and manufacturing centre of eukaryotic types of cell.

Discovery of Golgi Apparatus

The Golgi Apparatus is the first known organelle i.e. it is the 1st organelle which is observed and discovered in very detail. The Golgi Body was recognised by Camillo Golgi, the Italian scientist in 1897 during nervous system investigations and in 1898 the name Golgi Apparatus was named after the Italian scientist. Camillo Golgi observed the structure of Golgi Apparatus under microscope and he called it as apparato reticolare interno which means internal reticular apparatus. Many scientists firstly doubted this discovery but with modern microscopes development in the 20th century, this discovery of Golgi Body is confirmed. Earlier, it was regarded as Golgi–Kopsch apparatus, Golgi–Holmgren ducts and Golgi–Holmgren apparatus. Golgi Apparatus is the term which is used in the year 1910 and was 1st described in 1913 in the literature of some scientist and the term Golgi Complex was established in the year 1956.

Structure of Golgi Apparatus

The golgi apparatus or golgi body is built through compartment series and is a set of flattened, fused membranes which are enclosed disk and are regarded as cisternae. The Golgi Apparatus is also known as perinuclear body. It originates from clusters of vesicles and is polarised having 3 primary compartments (cis, medial and trans) which lies between trans and cis face (the membranes of cis face are thinner than others). The mammalian cells consists of 40-100 cisternae stacks and is a semicircular stack. Generally it is made up of 4 to 8 cisternae which are linked together through matrix protein. The Golgi Apparatus is sustained through microtubules of cytoplasm. The cis and trans networks of Golgi Apparatus are important for sorting lipids and proteins which released of recieved by cell organelles and is inscribed by marvelous biochemistry and morphology. The compartments of golgi apparatus helps in separation of enzymes.

Functions of Golgi Apparatus

The functions of Golgi Apparatus are as follows;

• Synthesis and secretion of hormones, enzymes and many more.
• Formation of the acrosome of sperm.
• It helps in the formation of new vesicles from existing Golgi membranes.
• The major function of Golgi Apparatus is to pack, sort and modify the proteins for the purpose of secretion.
• It also helps in lipid transportation throughout the cell.
• The Golgi Apparatus helps in lysosomal creations.
• It from endoplasmic reticulum receives the protein and packs in membrane bound vesicles which further transport to plasma membrane, secretion or lysosomes or various other destinations.
• It plays a major function in the sphingomyelin synthesis, glycolipids synthesis, phosphorylation and many other processes.
• It also helps in the synthesis of cell wall’s complex polysaccharides in the plant cell.

Conclusion

The golgi apparatus also known as golgi body or Golgi complex is present in cytoplasm of the eukaryotic types of cell and is used to pack, sort and modify the lipids and proteins. It is also used in trafficking the lipids and proteins. The basic structure of Golgi Body includes the flat cisternae. It works as a centralising hub in the pathways of exocytic secretory.