Diseases And Their Aetiology

What are diseases? 

The disease is an abnormal condition that adversely affects all or part of the structure or function of an organism and is not directly caused by trauma. Illness is well known as a medical condition associated with a particular sign or symptom.

There are two types of diseases

• Communicable diseases (also known as infectious diseases): as the name suggests, they can be transmitted from one human body to another through various means.
• Non-communicable disease: non-communicable diseases can be hereditary and lifestyle factors. If an unhealthy lifestyle causes these, these illnesses are also called lifestyle-related diseases. Risk factors for non-communicable diseases include Habits such as exercise, poor eating habits, lack of sleep, stress, smoking, alcohol and tobacco use chews. An arbitrary classification of non-communicable diseases perhaps: Civilised diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke and cancer. Mental illnesses such as depression; and trauma. The following are behavioural risk factors that give way to the expression of the physiological risk factor and can ultimately lead to illness.

Infectious diseases can be classified based on pathogens. These are

• Bacteria: Typhoid Fever, Cholera, Tuberculosis 
• Virus: cold, flu, HIV infection, dengue fever 
• Protozoa: Malaria, Kala Azar 
• Fungi: fungal infections of the nails, groyne, skin and hair 
• Parasites: The spread of intestinal parasites such as roundworm and lice. 

Transmission path

The transmission path can be divided into parts. Direct transmission and indirect transmission. 

Direct transmission: Contact with a person or direct contact with the skin or mucous membranes of a sick person can transmit infections such as skin and eye infections. 

Droplet infection: Spraying mist from saliva or secretions Droplets 

Sick people spread colds, tuberculosis, and meningitis. 

Soil contact: Directly infects the pathogen and can infect diseases such as hookworm spread and tetanus. 

Inoculation to the skin or mucous membranes: Certain diseases spread via other routes. For example, rabies infects people from animals. It is well known that the bite of dogs or monkeys causes it. 

Hepatitis occurs because the virus is transmitted through contaminated needles. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be transmitted via sexual contact or via blood transfusion of infected blood from infected people. HIV can infect babies from HIV-infected mothers and cause AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).

Indirect transmission: Infectious diseases are also transmitted indirectly via the following pathway, commonly known as “5F” – flies, fingers, bacterial carriers (materials that can transmit infections such as towels and handkerchiefs), food and liquid.

Some illnesses are transmitted through water, food, ice, blood, tissues, and organs—for example, typhoid fever, diarrhoea, polio, intestinal parasites, infectious hepatitis. Flies contaminate food and other edibles.

What is illness?

Disease refers to a biomedically defined deviation from physical function or structure norms, while illness is an experience of that deviation. This is the empirical state of the body when one or more control systems of the body are not functioning correctly. Illness refers to the subjective feeling that a person is suffering when he or she is ill or suffering from an illness. However, it is not to conclude that only people are sick or free of illness.

Conclusion

Public health strategies prevent or prevent illness by taking action to protect or promote the health and welfare of the entire population, as opposed to medical strategies aimed at treating the illness of individual members. The purpose is to reduce the impact. 

The global burden of infectious diseases continues to be a significant threat to health, economic development and equity, especially in low- and middle-income countries and disproportionately among young children. 

A systematic and evidence-based approach to addressing public health threats began in the 19th-century British hygiene movement and continues to form the basis of public health strategies today. Vaccination, provision of safe drinking water and improved hygiene, promotion of personal and institutional hygiene (especially the importance of washing hands with soap), and monitoring and response to detecting and controlling illness outbreaks. Organising strategies is an integral part of the public. Improving sustainable living standards, improving housing, nutrition and quality of education, promoting gender equality and personal safety are also important public health goals.