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Introduction:
Ghiyasud-din Tughlaq founded the Tughlaq dynasty. He repeatedly repelled the Mongol invaders. He became Sultan by assassinating Khurso Khan. The restoration of Ala-ud-Din’s laws was his biggest achievement. Ghazi Malik was born in Turkey to a Jat mother and a Turkish father. He was the Governor of Ala-ud-Din Khilji’s border regions before that. Another name for him was Ghazi Tuglaq. He founded and established the Tughlaq dynasty. He rose from obscurity to become Dinapur’s provincial legislative chairman under Mubarak Khalji’s leadership. Under the name Ghiyath-ud-din Tughlaq Shah, he established the Tughlaq dynasty and became its first monarch.
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq – Tughlaq Dynasty’s First Emperor
Tughlaqs were a Turkic-speaking Muslim family. Between 1330 and 1335, Muhammad Bin Tughlaq commanded a military campaign that brought the dynasty to its pinnacle. Torture, cruelty, and rebellions characterised the dynasty’s authority, which resulted in the dynasty’s territorial reach disintegrating rapidly after 1335 AD.
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, Muhammad-bin-Tughluq, and Firuz Shah Tughluq were three capable kings from the Tughlaq family.
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq (AD 1320-1325)
He was the founder and first ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty. He rose from obscurity to become the provincial legislative chairman of Dinapur under Mubarak Khilji. Several times, he resisted the Mongol intruders. He took the title of Sultan after assassinating Khurso Khan. Khusrau Khan, the final king of the Khilji government, was executed by Ghazni Malik, who assumed the throne as Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. It was a difficult throne for him to sit on, as anarchy reigned everywhere and distant lands strove to declare independence. Ghiyas-ud-Din, on the other hand, used his intelligence, talents, and qualities to build the kingdom, and he was successful in keeping peace and harmony. He was a wise and generous monarch.
In 1323, he defeated Warrangal’s leader and took his territory. Bengal was engaged in a progress war. Ghiyas-ud-din took advantage of the situation and conquered Bengal. As a result of his defeating the rebels, Bengal became part of his kingdom.
The Achievements
- He re-established Ala-ud-Din’s market rules.
- He put down revolts in enemy areas with his strong authority and restored peace, law, and order.
- He built a better mail system and promoted agriculture.
His Conquest
The neighbouring governors attempted to declare their independence by capitalising on the chaos that erupted in India following the death of Ala-ud-Din Khilji. Ghiyas-ud-Din had to give significant regard to this site not long after assuming the throne.
- After Ala-ud-Din died, Pratap Rudra Deva II, the ruler of Warangal, declared his independence, prompting two battles against him in 1321 and 1323. In a battle, he was defeated, and the Delhi Sultanate conquered his domain.
- A common war was raging in Bengal between Bughra Khan’s two grandchildren. Taking advantage of this blunder, the Sultan launched an attack on Bengal, seizing control of a vast swath of the country.
- On his journey from Bengal, the Sultan defeated the Raja of Tirhut and took over his lands.
His Successor
After Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlaq died in 1325, his son Juna (Ulugh Khan) replaced him as Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq.
His Death
A long rule was not in vain for Ghiyas-ud-Din. When he returned to Delhi from his Bengal journey, he was greeted cheerfully by his son Juna Khan in a new structure specially built for this purpose in Afghanpura, near his new capital, Tughlakabad.
In 1325 A.D., the building collapsed, and the Sultan died beneath it. On the investigation, there is an argument about whether the Sultan’s death was the result of a conspiracy or happened by chance.
Tomb of Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq
Between 1321 and 1325, Emperor Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlaq founded Tughlaqabad, the third city of Delhi. His tomb was originally enclosed by a pond and connected to the Tughlaqabad fort through a causeway. The tomb is situated in the midst of a pentagonal enclosure surrounded by high walls. The tomb is made of red sandstone and white marble, with a white marble dome rising from a low octagonal drum. The sloping walls of the tomb established a style that was used by all subsequent Tughlaq buildings. Ghiyas ud-Din’s wife and son Muhammad Bin-Tughlaq are also buried in the tomb (r.1325-51).
Conclusion:
The Tughlaq dynasty ruled over the Delhi Sultanate in mediaeval India as a Muslim dynasty of Turkic descent. Its reign began in Delhi in 1320 when Ghazi Malik acquired the title of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq and assumed the throne. In 1413, the dynasty came to an end. Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq, the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty in India, ruled over the Sultanate of Delhi from 1320 to 1325. He was a smart and generous ruler. However, his rule was cut short after only five years when a pavilion built in his honour collapsed in 1325.
