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Q. Write down 5 differences between n-type and p-type semiconductors.
Ans:- Semiconductors are a special class of materials with an electrical conductivity higher than that of non-metals but lower than that of metals. To boost the conductivity of semiconductors, impurities are sometimes introduced into the material. Suppose an impurity with three valences is introduced. In that case, the resulting semiconductor is referred to as P-type, but if a pentavalent impurity is introduced, it is referred to as N-type.
The following table compares N-type and P-type semiconductors:
N-type Semiconductor | P-type Semiconductor |
In N-type semiconductors, impurities such as arsenic, antimony, phosphorus, and bismuth (elements with five valence electrons) are introduced. | P-type semiconductors contain impurities such as aluminium, gallium, and indium (elements with three valence electrons). |
Impurities are introduced to enhance the number of electrons in N-type semiconductors (also known as Donor atoms). | In order to enhance the number of holes, in P-type semiconductors, impurities are introduced (also known as Acceptor atoms). |
The bulk of charge carriers in an N-type semiconductor are free electrons, whereas holes are in the minority. | The bulk of charge carriers in a P-type semiconductor is holes, whereas free electrons are in the minority. |
The bulk of charge carriers in an N-type semiconductor goes from low to high potential. | The bulk of charge carriers in a P-type semiconductor goes from high to low potential. |
In the case of N-type semiconductors, the donor energy level is near the conduction band. | In the case of P-type semiconductors, the acceptor energy level is near the conduction band. |
