What is a p-type Material

Answer: Semiconductors made of p-type material involves being doped boron, indium, or gallium which are essentially trivalent atoms. The impurity atom is surrounded by silicon atoms (four). Having three valence electrons, three covalent bonds are filled by it. The vacancy present in the fourth band leads to the formation of a hole. This hole electron carrier from its surroundings. Acceptor impurities are essentially trivalent in nature as each contributing hole can accept one free electron throughout the process of recombination. In a p-type more number of holes are present compared to electrons making the holes are the vast bulk carriers as well as electrons are indeed minority carriers here. The current circulates through the material in one direction, from hole to hole.