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Answer: The following are some of the critical provisions of the 1951 First Constitutional Amendment Act:
- Allowing the state to take extraordinary measures for underprivileged groups’ social and economic improvement.
- Provided for the preservation of legislation governing the purchase of estates, etc.
- The Ninth Schedule was added to protect the Land Reform Act and other measures from the judicial examination.
- Included three additional justifications for limiting free speech and expression: public order, cordial relations with other countries, and encouragement to commit a crime. Additionally, “reasonable” and hence justiciable the limitations.
- As long as state trading and the nationalisation of any business by the state are not void because they violate a person’s right to engage in the industry.
