Explain Mulching, Contour barriers, Rock Dam, Terrace Farming, Intercropping, Contour Ploughing, and Shelterbelts.

Answer: Mulching: A layer of organic matter such as straw covers the bare ground between plants and helps in the maintenance of soil moisture. 

Contour Barriers: To create barriers along contours, stones, grass, and soil are being used. Trenches are prepared to collect water in front of the barriers. 

Rock Dam: Rocks are being stacked up to slow down the water flow and also help to stop gullies and further erosion of soil. 

Terrace Farming: On the steep slopes wide, flat steps are designed so that flat surfaces can be used for cultivation, therefore minimising surface, runoff, and soil erosion. 

Intercropping: The process in which multiple crops can be grown in one field alternatively and are planted in various seasons to save the soil from rain washing. 

Ploughing of Contours: Ploughing parallel to the contours of hill slope to create a natural restriction for fluid to drain down the slope. 

Shelter Belts: In coastal areas and dry areas, rows of trees are cultivated to look after the passage of air and protect the cover of soil.