Define Contour Ploughing

Q. Define contour ploughing.

Answer: Contour ploughing is a practice in agriculture, landscape design, and permaculture. It has been used to form terraces on sloping land.

It starts by identifying a line with the same elevation as the slope on one end of the field and transects it diagonally to the opposite end of the field. The line may be created from a landmark at one end of the field or by using an instrument such as a level or laser level for accuracy. The line is then followed in all directions. The object is to maintain the original line on the field or maintain it so that it is as close as possible to the initial line. Once the contour lines are drawn, they are planted with seeds and possibly fertiliser. 

The word contour ploughing comes from French: “contournement”, meaning “to turn around”.

 Since the 12th century, contour ploughing and other forms of terracing have been used to form agricultural fields and landscape designs for homes. These techniques produce complex geometric patterns in a variety of ways, which are believed to increase crop yield, especially when combined with other farm techniques. Contour ploughing is considered a sustainable farming practice because it minimises soil erosion, reduces overall environmental impact and helps to prevent desertification. In addition, the technique reduces runoff and helps to control flooding. In various areas of the world, contour ploughing is used to create patterns on a field.