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Answer:- A displacement reaction is one in which one reactant is partially replaced by another reactant. A displacement reaction can also be referred to as a replacement or metathesis reaction. Displacement reactions are divided into two categories:
Single displacement reaction
Double displacement reaction
Single displacement reaction | Double displacement reaction |
1. A single displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in a more reactive element that replaces a less reactive element. | 1. A double displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which two ionic species are exchanged between two molecules. |
2. In single displacement reactions, a reactive species that can replace a functional group is required | 2. In double displacement reactions, exchangeable ions are required. |
3. General Formula: A-B+C→A+B-C | 3. General Formula: A-B+C-D→A-C+B-D |
4. The reactivity series can be used to anticipate the outcome of a displacement reaction since the chemical components at the top of the series can replace the chemical elements at the bottom. | 4. It could be ionic or covalent bonds that break and form during this reaction. |
5. No precipitate formed as a result of the colour change. | 5. Precipitate is formed, hence one of the examples of displacement reaction is precipitation reaction. |
6. Metals react with another metal’s salt solution. | 6. Two different metal salt solutions react with each other. |
Example of single displacement reaction:
An example of a single displacement reaction is the reaction of zinc metal with hydrochloric acid to produce zinc chloride and hydrogen gas:
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Here only one displacement took place as zinc displaced hydrogen because of higher reactivity than hydrogen.
Example of double displacement reaction:
When a barium chloride solution is combined with sodium sulphate, a white barium sulphate precipitate forms quickly.
BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
The nature of these reactions is ionic. When the reactants are dissolved in water, they become ions, and an ion-exchange displacing barium with sodium and chloride with sulphate happens in the solution, resulting in the creation of a product molecule.
