Suggests two methods to liquefy Atmospheric Gases

Suggests two methods to liquefy atmospheric gases?

The process of liquefaction of gases is the transformation of substances from their gaseous state to their liquid state. When a gas’s pressure is increased, its molecules become closer together and its temperature drops, removing enough energy to cause it to change from a gaseous to a liquid state.

When the intermolecular forces of attraction between gas molecules grow strong enough, they bind the gas molecules together to form a liquid state.

The gases are highly compressed into a compact volume when adequate pressure is applied. Gas particles become so near to one another that they begin to attract one another and form a liquid.

The following methods are used for the liquefaction of atmospheric gases:

Linde’s process

Adiabatic expansion of compressed gas is the name of Linde’s process.

Principle

“When a gas under high pressure is allowed to expand adiabatically through a fine hole into a region of low pressure, it is accompanied by cooling,” according to the Joule – Thomson Effect.

• In this method, The air is compressed in the compressor to roughly 200 atmospheres before passing through the condensing coils. 

• As a result, the air is cooled, and any present water vapours condense to produce water, which is then evacuated from the receiver. After that, the dry air is forced through a spiral copper tube that ends in a jet. 

• The air expands as it passes past the jet and enters the chamber, which has a pressure of roughly 50 atmospheres. The air is thus cooled as a result of the Joule-Thomson effect. As the cooled air rises, it becomes denser.

Claude’s method

• This method requires mechanical work and takes advantage of the gas’s Joule-Thomson and adiabatic expansion effects. 

• Only pure, dry air is accepted by the compressor, which is compressed to roughly 200 atmospheres. The heat generated by compression is then eliminated by cooling it with a cooling liquid. 

• The compressed gas is sent to an insulated chamber through a tube. It’s split into two sections here. 

• One component is transported via a spiral tube with a jet at the end, where it is subjected to Joule-Thomson expansion and a temperature drop is measured. 

• The second half is placed into the cylinder of an engine, where it does mechanical work and is cooled by pushing the piston back. 

• It then enters the insulated chamber, where it is mixed with the air from the jet. After that, the pipe conveying the incoming air is cooled. 

• Air that has been cooled is collected and returned to the compressor. The entire procedure is repeated as soon as the air is sufficiently cold and liquefied.