Full Form of NAD and FAD

What is the Full Form of NAD and FAD?

• FAD – Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
• NAD- Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Coenzymes NAD and FAD each play a role in the reversible chemical oxidation and reduction reactions, respectively.

The common belief that these compounds are electron carriers originates from the fact that, during the catabolic steps involved in the breakdown of organic molecules like carbohydrates and lipids, these compounds accept electrons (become reduced) as part of the process.

When there is no longer a requirement for these reduced coenzymes, they can donate their electrons to a biochemical reaction that is typically associated with anabolic processes (like the synthesis of ATP).

Some Facts About NAD and FAD

• NAD+ and NADH are abbreviations for the oxidised and reduced forms of NAD, respectively.
• Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a coenzyme that is present in all organisms that are alive. The redox cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide plays a significant role in various metabolic reactions.
• Two ATP and riboflavin molecules make the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).
• During the reactions that occur in Krebs and glycolysis, NAD+ is converted to NADH. The adenine dinucleotide normally produced by the Krebs cycle is known as FADH₂.
• Flavin adenine dinucleotide can accept two hydrogens, whereas nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide can only take in one hydrogen at a time.
• It has been written as FADH₂ for reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide and as NADH + H+ for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Both of these abbreviations stand for reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide.
• Cytochrome can be reduced by NADH + H+, whereas FADH2 is known to be able to reduce Cytochrome II.
• Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD), when used as a feedstock for the electron transport chain, generates three times as much ATP as it consumes in the form of NADH at Complex 1. The electron transport chain Complex 11 is the recipient of flavin adenine dinucleotide, generating two ATP molecules for every FADH2 molecule.