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Logical Reasoning questions are not based on a specific portion or syllabus. They follow a certain format and require the solver to rely on his/her reasoning abilities to logically deduce the correct option. The questions can be framed on a variety of topics and need a basic understanding of the context of the sentences. Logical Reasoning questions mainly contain two types of sentences – statements and conclusions. The most logical conclusion has to be derived based on the statements. The best way to become proficient at the logical reasoning questions is to go through a significant number of statement and conclusion examples.
What is a statement in logical reasoning?
A statement is a group of words arranged to form a meaningful sentence that provides information.
A statement can be based on any subject such as politics, education, idioms, family relations, objects of everyday use, sports, and so on.
What is the conclusion in logical reasoning?
A conclusion is a sentence derived after a thorough analysis and understanding of the statement.
A systematic and logical approach is needed to reach the correct conclusion.
What Are The Differences Between A Statement And A Conclusion?
Statement | Conclusion |
Presented at the beginning of an argument. | Derived by the end of an argument. |
It is not based on other parts of the argument. | It is derived based on the statements and other premises. |
Format of Statement-Conclusion Questions
One or more statements are provided describing a particular premise.
Statements are to be read and should be assumed as completely true even if they stand in conflict with the solver’s pre-existing knowledge about the subject.
Two possible conclusions of the given statements are listed, and the solver has to choose among the following options:
Both conclusions follow/ are valid.
None of the conclusions follow/ are valid.
Either I or II conclusions follow/are valid.
Conclusion I follow/is valid.
Conclusion II follows/is valid.
Guidelines to solve Statement-Conclusion Questions
When a statement specifies a condition to achieve a motive, it must be assumed that the complete execution of that condition only will accomplish the motive.
Consider the following example: If you work hard every day, you will score well in exams.
Here, the condition of working hard every day must be satisfied in order to achieve the motive of scoring well in exams. If the condition is satisfied only partially, the motive is not accomplished.
The solver must learn to keep their information about the topic aside and deduce a conclusion from the given statements only.
Considering the same example from above: Many other factors apart from working hard can be accountable for scoring well in exams. However, none of those factors will be considered relevant while solving this question since they are not specified.
Lastly, only the exact mentioned information should be assumed as true, and no extra information should be considered while deciding the conclusion.
Statement and Conclusion Examples
Case 1: Conclusion I is valid
Statement: Ram found the book after spending hours searching for it.
Conclusion 1: Ram found the book because he spent hours looking everywhere for it.
Conclusion 2: Ram would have found the book even if he did not go looking for it.
Conclusion 1 is a direct derivative of the statement above; hence, it is valid. But the statement does not say anything about other options of Ram finding the book; hence nothing can be said about Conclusion.
Case 2: Conclusion II is valid
Ram found the book after spending hours searching for it.
Conclusion 1: Seema gifted the same book to Ram the next day
Conclusion 2: The book was of some importance to Ram.
Here, it makes sense to conclude that the book held some importance to Ram since he spent hours searching for it. However, Conclusion 1 is irrelevant to draw upon considering our existing data.
Case 3: Either I or II is valid.
Ram found the book after spending hours searching for it.
Conclusion 1: Ram found the book in his top drawer.
Conclusion 2: Ram found the book when his brother gave it to him.
It is not difficult here to conclude that only one of the two given conclusions could have possibly taken place, and hence it is not possible to choose one of the two.
Case 4: Neither Conclusion I nor II is valid.
Ram found the book after spending hours searching for it.
Conclusion 1: People searching for things early in the morning are more likely to find them.
Conclusion 2: Ram ate breakfast in a hurry the day he lost his book.
In this case, neither of the statements are relevant to our case and so neither of them is valid.
Conclusion
Since statements for logical reasoning questions are taken from such a diverse range of topics, it can be difficult to solve them using a set formula.
Instead, statement and conclusion examples covering all subjects and genres should be attempted.
Information given in the statement should be interpreted exactly as it is.
Statements and Conclusions can be better understood when studied as a function of each other.
