A Guide on Statements and Assumptions

In statements and assumptions questions, a statement is provided as a fact, and candidates must choose the assumption based on what is logically accurate and most suitable. Statement and assumption questions may help a candidate score higher if appropriately answered, but if not, they may lose the question and get the wrong markers. On the other hand, questions based on statements and assumptions may help you score higher if answered rationally or cost you points if you guess in such questions. Therefore, it is critical to practise more of these kinds of questions and to learn the rules of assertions and assumptions. This article will go through how to answer such questions and provide some example questions.

Concepts of Statements and assumptions

To understand the concept of statements and assumptions, we recommend practising these questions and studying the rules of assertions and assumptions. This article will go over how to answer such questions thoroughly and provide some examples. A statement is provided as a fact in statements and assumptions questions, and candidates must choose the assumption based on what is logically correct and most appropriate. Practising Statement and assumption questions helps a candidate score higher if they are answered correctly, but if they are not, they may lose the question and receive negative marks. Let us understand the concepts of statements and assumptions separately and see the examples of statements and assumptions – 

Statement – 

A statement in logic is either a meaningful declarative sentence that is true or false or an assertion of a true or false declarative phrase. For example, ‘Socrates is mortal’ and ‘Delhi is India’s capital.’

A sentence and a statement are not the same things. A sentence is a kind of statement, yet the same message may be expressed in various ways. For example, ‘All men are mortal’ is two separate assertions that result in the same claim.

Assumption- 

An unsaid premise that supports the conclusion is referred to as an assumption. Both the premise and the assumption are irrefutable truths, but unlike the premise, the assumption is not openly stated and must be decoded. In the context of a statement, the assumption is anything taken for granted. ‘All kids are thrilled when they obtain new devices,’ for example. Vicky will be thrilled when he receives his new phone.’ Vicky is assumed to be a child in this scenario. The argument will be meaningless unless this assumption is made.

Types of Statements and assumptions

There are four types of statements and assumptions, which we will understand later with the help of examples of statements and assumptions – 

The subject’s presence or non-existence

The assumptions in this form of statement and assumption reasoning are often straightforward. However, in this case, the assumptions are generally of the existing or non-existent kind.

Cause and Effect

Some statements mentioning a cause and effect link will be offered in this form of statement and assumption reasoning. Words like “hence,” “thus,” “therefore,” and so on are commonly employed in this style of argument. It would also be an assumption to state that “this cause causes this result.”

Plan of action

A fact, report, observation, or research will be presented in this form of statement and assumption reasoning, followed by a proposed action plan.

Advertisement/Notification/Applications

The claims supplied in this statement and assumption reasoning are often in the form of an advertisement, an official notice, a notification issued in the public interest, or an appeal.

Examples of Statements and assumptions

Let us look at some examples of statements and assumptions – 

Example 1 – 

“You are now appointed as a programmer for a one-year probation term, and your work will be examined after the time for confirmation.” – A paragraph in an appointment letter.

Assumptions:

Generally, an individual’s performance is unknown at the time of the appointment offer.

Generally, a person attempts to demonstrate his value throughout the probation term.

1. Only assumption I is implied. B. Only assumption II is implied.
2. One of I or II is implied.

D.Neither I nor II are implied.

1. I and II are both implied.

Option E is the answer.

Explanation:

The statement states that the individual’s performance must be evaluated throughout time. As a result, I is implied. Before confirmation, the statement states that the individual’s value would be evaluated (during the probation term). As a result, II is also implied.

Example 2 – 

Statement: It is desirable to put the child in school at age five.

Assumptions:

The child has reached the appropriate level of development and is ready to learn at that age.

After the age of six, children are not admitted to schools.

1. Only assumption I is implied. B. Only assumption II is implied.
2. One of I or II is implied.

D.Neither I nor II is implied.

E.I and II are both implied.

A is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Because the sentence mentions enrolling the kid in school at the age of five, it implies that the youngster is intellectually equipped for this. As a result, I is implied. However, nothing in the sentence mentions admission beyond the age of six. As a result, II is not implied.

Conclusion 

As the government tests grow more rigorous and challenging, it is more crucial to answer as many logical thinking questions as possible to score well in its claims and assumptions. It is a highly score-able subject since the fundamentals are grasped, and example questions are often practised. The importance of statement and assumption issues in the examination cannot be overstated. At least 3 to 4 questions from this area appear on the test. In this article, we first understood the concepts of statements and assumptions and then looked at the types of statements and assumptions. We hope that the examples of statements and assumptions helped you understand the concepts more clearly.