Introduction to Computer Science

Computer Science is a study of various subjects such as CS Design and Architecture, Programming Languages, Statistics, Algorithms, Discrete Mathematics, Data Structures, Computer hardware, Database Management Systems, Artificial Intelligence, Application and System software, and Web design and development. Computer science is a vast subject that requires both theoretical and practical mastery. The theoretical and practical parts are dependent on each other. Computer science begins with data and its group items, attributes, and entities for processing and application. It is broadly classified into theoretical computer science, where design concepts and principles are studied and applied computer science, where practical implementation of those principles and design concepts are done. The article gives a detailed overview of all the topics under computer science.

Theoretical Computer Science

• Algorithms – in the simplest form, algorithms provide steps to execute a particular task. They are the blocks used for building programs that allow operations in smartphones, websites, etc. They provide the root procedure. 
• Data Structures – as the name suggests, data structure provides an organised manner to put together data for using it effectively in the future by the computer. It provides an order for the arrangement of data. 
• Discrete Mathematics, Statistics – It uses discrete elements from arithmetic and algebra to improve reasoning and problem-solving skills. Statistics helps in mining data, compression, network and traffic models, speech recognition, etc.
• Theory of Computing – it helps solve problems based on algorithms from a model of computation. It provides precise to approximate solutions.
• Programming Theory OOP is the theory behind object-oriented programming (OOP). It consists of a combination of code and data.
• Digital Electronics – electronics that do not use analogue signals but use digital signals in the circuits of devices such as computers, mobile phones, and other custom products. 
• Boolean Algebra & Logic Gates – is the foundation of digital circuits mathematically. They are used to establish a relationship between various variables and logic circuits.

Applied Computer Science

System 

• Operating Systems –  it is a set of programs that run as per a computer system that helps execute other tasks properly. It helps in performing basic tasks and helps all other application programs in a computer

• Device Drivers – it acts as an intermediary between disk drives, printers, video cards, keyboards, and the operating system.

• System Utility – it is a program that provides the operating system with additional capabilities.

• Compilers – It translates the source code into machine language; by doing this, it helps the CPU to understand the instruction.  

• Interpreters – It does the work of executing the tasks directly as given in the scripting language. It does not require the language to be compiled into a machine language.

• Computer Network – It denotes a set of computers that use common communication protocols to communicate with each other over digital interconnections. 

• Antivirus & Malware – They are used to detect viruses that may harm the system and thus remove them. They provide security to the system. They also detect malicious software such as worms, spyware, ransomware, trojan horses, etc.

Intelligent System

• Artificial Intelligence – simply said it is more of a robot, which is controlled by a computer and given instructions to complete tasks as done by humans.

• Pattern Recognition – The software can identify input data with similar patterns, images, the flow of text, etc. For example, it is used in face recognition, fingerprint authentication, etc.

• Data Mining – Simply finding useful data or group items in a large data bundle . It is the process of finding patterns and connections between different data and group items in large volumes of data. 

• Web Mining – It has a similar purpose as data mining, but it extracts useful and relevant information from web documents and services. 

• Hybrid Intelligence System – It is software that takes the help of artificial intelligence to identify and employ a combination of human and machine intelligence. It makes sure that it does not completely replace human intelligence but instead uses it as per the need. 

• Speech Recognition – A program can convert and recognise human speech to text. The computer program can identify human speech when spoken aloud with this feature. 

• Robotics – incorporates engineering and computer science to design, construct, manufacture, and operate robots as per computer commands. It makes use of artificial intelligence and sensors. 

Application Development

• C Language – It is a computer programming language that is used to create system applications. It is quite fast as it compiles and executes without additional processing overheads.

• Java – It is an object-oriented programming language. It is based on the rules and syntax of C and C++ languages. Mostly it is used for developing server-side and back-end projects.
• C++, Objective C – C++ is a programming language used for hardware programming; nowadays, it is also used in software programming for developing software systems. Objective C is used to develop operating systems.
• MS Dot Net is used to build and run applications on Windows. It has languages for web, desktop, mobile, and game development.
• Web Development – HTML, CSS, JS – HTML, CSS and JS are one of the simplest programming languages. HTML helps in providing the structure for sites. CSS helps in enhancing the layout, presentation, formatting, etc. JS is used for controlling the behaviour of different elements.

• Python, Ruby – Commonly, Python is a higher-level programming language used in machine learning, AI, scientific programming, etc. Whereas Ruby can be used for general purposes as it is used in normal functional programming and web development.

• DBMS, RDBMS – Database Management System (DBMS) is software used to create and define a certain database. It gives controlled access to the data. Its advanced version is known as Relational Database Management System.

Conclusion

Computer Science is a vast subject that has prominence in theoretical and practical applications. It is very important as we are growing to be more dependent on computers daily. All of the gadgets that we use derive their significance from computers. Computer science is widespread in all industries, from agriculture to medical, engineering, business, banking, aviation, etc. It is considered one of the best career options as it will always welcome more employees due to its ever-increasing demand. The topics and subtopics about data, programming languages, attributes and entities, etc., sum up computer science subjects.