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Physics is a fundamental discipline in the Natural Sciences category, which also includes disciplines such as chemistry and biology. Physics is derived from a Greek term that means “nature.” Bhautiki is the Sanskrit equivalent, and it refers to the study of the physical universe. It is neither possible nor necessary to define this discipline precisely. Physics can be defined as the study of the fundamental laws of nature and how they express themselves in various natural events.
Science is derived from the Latin verb Scientia, which means ‘to know.’ The Sanskrit term Vijn and the Arabic word Ilm have the same meaning, which is ‘knowledge.’ Science, in its broadest meaning, predates the human species. Egypt, India, China, Greece, Mesopotamia, and many other early civilisations contributed significant contributions to its development. Great advances in science were accomplished in Europe from the sixteenth century onwards. Science had become a truly multinational industry by the middle of the twentieth century, with many cultures and countries contributing to its rapid expansion.
We try to explain a variety of physical occurrences using only a few concepts and principles in physics. The goal is to see the physical world as a manifestation of universal rules in many fields and circumstances. The fall of an apple to the ground, the motion of the moon around the earth, and the motion of planets around the sun, for example, are all described by the same law of gravitation (given by Newton). Similarly, all electric and magnetic phenomena are governed by the fundamental laws of electromagnetism (Maxwell’s equations).
1. What is the total number of base SI units?
(a) 5
(b) 10
(c) 7
(d) 9
Answer: (c) 7
2. If a positive mistake of 50% in the speed of a body is measured, what is the percentage error in the measurement of its kinetic energy?
(a) 125%
(b) 30%
(c) 50%
(d) 100%
Answer: (d) 100 %
3. What is the torque and energy dimensional formula?
(a) [ML-3T-2] and [MLT-2]
(b) [ML2T-2] and [MLT-2]
(c) [ML2T-2] and [ML2T-2]
(d) [MLT2] and [ML2T2]
Answer: (c) [ML2T-2] and [ML2T-2]
4. If y=x2, calculate the relative inaccuracy of y.
(a) Δx/x
(b) 2Δx/x
(c) (∆x)2/x
(d) (∆x)2
Answer: (b) 2Δx/x
5. Choose the physical parameters from the list below that have the same dimensions:
(i) Magnetic field
(ii) Energy density
(iii) Refractive index
(iv) Young’s modulus
(v) Dielectric constant
(a) (ii) and (iv)
(b) (i) and (v)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (iv) and (iii)
Answer: (a) (ii) and (iv)
6. What is the angle formed by the two vectors A and B, if A→+B→ =C→ such that C→ is perpendicular to A→ and |A→ |=|C→ |
(a) π
(b) π/2
(c) 4
(d) 3π/4
Answer: (d) 3π/4
7. Which of the following is a quantity that has no dimensions?
(a) Refractive index
(b) Gravitational constant
(c) Velocity
(d) Planck’s constant
Answer: (a) Refractive index
8. The following are the results of using a screw gauge to measure the diameter of a wire. The main scale reading is 0 mm.
52 divisions are the circular scale reading
If 1 mm on the main scale equals 100 divisions on the circular scale, what is the diameter of the wire?
(a) 0.016 cm
(b) 0.052 cm
(c) 0.15 cm
(d) 0.05 cm
Answer: (b) 0.052 cm
9. The word science comes from the Latin verb scientia, which means
(a) to know
(b) to see
(c) to experience
(d) to observe
Answer: (a) to know
10. The phenomena of atomic and molecular nature are dealt with by
(a) Newtonian Mechanics
(b) Fluid Mechanics
(c) Applied Mechanics
(d) Quantum Mechanics
Answer: (d) Quantum Mechanics
11. The light particle picture was unable to explain
(a) the photoelectric effect
(b) polarization of light
(c) diffraction of light
(d) interference of light
Answer: (a) the photoelectric effect
12. Nicolas Copernicu’s heliocentric theory was
(a) replaced by circular orbits to fit the data better
(b) replaced by elliptical orbits to fit the data better
(c) replaced by elliptical orbits to fit the taste of new rulers of Italy
(d) replaced by parabolic orbits to fit the data better
Answer: (b) replaced by elliptical orbits to fit the data better
13. A theoretical advance may suggest what to search for in some tests, just as a novel experiment may offer an alternative theoretical model. Which of the tests below may be used to back up this claim?
(a) Davisson and Germer Experiment
(b) experimental discovery of positron
(c) scattering of alpha particle or the gold foil experiment
(d) Michelson Morley experiment
Answer: (b) experimental discovery of positron
14. The scientific method is
(a) a process for examining events and gaining new information that is prescribed
(b) A method for generating fresh hypotheses
(c) a collection of methods for researching events and gaining new knowledge
(d) A technique for generating new theories
Answer: (c) a collection of methods for researching events and gaining new knowledge
15. A scientific theory
(a) can’t be modified, but it can be rewritten
(b) is permanently fixed since it is logical
(c) is altered to conform to the latest scientific fad
(d) can be changed to accommodate new phenomena or data if necessary
Answer: (d) can be changed to accommodate new phenomena or data if necessary
16. Which of the following is a probable first step in the scientific method’s application?
(a) Conducting tests
(b) Formulating a hypothesis
(c) Formulation of a question
(d) Building a theory
Answer: (c) Formulation of a question
17. Which of the following is a probable last step in the scientific method’s application?
(a) Formulating a hypothesis
(b) Building a theory
(c) Analysis of test results
(d) Formulation of a question
Answer: (c) Analysis of test results
18. Physics is a
(a) Applied Science
(b) Mathematical Science
(c) Engineering Science
(d) Natural Science
Answer: (d) Natural Science
19. Newtonian mechanics was unable to explain
(a) fall of bodies on earth
(b) Some of the most fundamental characteristics of atomic phenomena
(c) movement of planets
(d) flight of rockets
Answer: (b) Some of the most fundamental characteristics of atomic phenomena
