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An electric charge can be both positive or negative. If two objects have opposite charges, they will attract each other and if two objects have the same charge, they will repel each other.
An electric charge has coulomb as a unit. It shows the amount of electricity carried by an electric current of 1 ampere in 1 second.
Atoms are made of three particles: neutrons, protons, and electrons. Protons are the positive charge particles and electrons are the negative charge particles, whereas neutrons have neither positive charge nor negative charge. Objects which have no charge or zero charge are considered neutral.
Positive charge particles
In positively charged particles, the number of protons (positively charged) is always higher than the number of electrons (negatively charged). For neutralising these protons, electrons surround these particles until the number of protons and electrons becomes equal.
Negatively charged particles
When electrons are high in number, a particle is said to be negatively charged. So, for neutralising it, electrons move till the time the number of electrons and protons becomes equal.
What is Coulomb’s law?
This law is an experimental law that usually measures the actual force between any two still charges. According to Coulomb’s law, unlike charges attract each other and like charges repel each other with a force that is directly in relation to the products obtained from the charges and indirectly proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Different methods of charging
There are three ways by which an uncharged object can be charged:
- Friction charging
- Induction charging
- Conduction charging
Friction charging
By rubbing objects against each other, there is a transfer of charges to another object. In this process of friction, one object loses electrons and, on the other hand, the second object gains electrons. The object which now has fewer electrons is positively charged and the second object which gains a number of electrons is known to be negatively charged. Here, these two objects are charged by the process of friction and it is called charging by friction.
Conduction charging
When an uncharged object is charged by the process of bringing it close to a charged object, it is known as the charging by conduction. The conductor which is charged consists of an unequal number of protons and electrons, therefore the uncharged conductor is brought closer and discharges electrons to stabilise itself.
Induction charging
When an uncharged conductor is charged by bringing it closer to a charged conductor without any physical contact, it is known as charging by induction.
Conclusion
An electric charge can be positive or negative. If two objects are charged oppositely, they will attract each other and if the objects have the same charges, they will repel each other.
In positively charged particles, the number of protons (positively charged) is always higher than the number of electrons, which are negatively charged particles.
For neutralising protons, electrons surround these particles until the number of protons and electrons becomes equal. When negatively charged particles, which mean electrons, are greater in numbers than protons, they are said to be negatively charged particles. So, to neutralise them, electrons move till the time the number of electrons and protons become equal to each other.
