Laws of Physics And Applications of All Physics Laws

Basic questions that can make humans think are the laws of nature. Einstein once said that the most incomprehensible thing about the universe is that it is comprehensible. This means that the laws of nature apply to Earth and all of the universe. With time, it has been observed that particles in the universe follow some regulations called the laws of nature. 

Basic Laws of Physics

Gay-Lussac’s Law

It states that pressure, P, at a certain temperature, T, is the same for any fixed volume, V, of gas. It is a fundamental property of gases that their pressure, P, depends only on their temperature, T, and not on their volume, V. For a given temperature, the volume of a gas will always contain the same number of molecules. This is true regardless of the gas’s physical state, such as its pressure or temperature. The pressure is directly proportional to the temperature and is inversely proportional to the volume.

Boyle’s Law

It describes the relationship between pressure and volume of a given gas mass. The volume of a given gas mass is inversely proportional to the pressure applied to that mass. The gas pressure is the amount of force per unit area that acts upon the gas. The volume of a gas is the amount of space that contains a given mass of a gas.

Avogadro’s Law

It is a variation of Boyle’s law that only applies to small volumes and low pressures. It states that the number of molecules in a small volume of gas is proportional to the total pressure of the gas and the total number of molecules in the container. This means that if you double the pressure in a small volume, the number of molecules in the gas does not double. This is, of course, a much more complicated equation than Boyle’s law, but it describes a fundamental aspect of gas behaviour on small scales.

This law states v₁/n₁=v₂/n₂ at constant p and t:

Ohm’s Law

It shows the relationship between potential difference and electric current. If current flows through a conductor, the current is proportional to the voltage applied to the conductor. Ohm is the SI unit of electrical resistance. Famous German physicist Georg Simon Ohm worked on resistance in 1826 and published in 1827 in the book Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet. The law is named in his honour. 

Ohm’s law states that the voltage across any conductor is directly proportional to the current running through it. Supposing all the physical condition and temperature remains constant.

Equation of Ohm’s law

V = IR

Where V is the voltage across the conductor.

I is the current flowing through the conductor. 

R is the resistance of the conductor.

Newton’s Laws of Cooling

Newton developed a proportional relationship between the temperature difference and heat loss between an object and its surroundings.

Newton’s law of cooling states that any loss of heat by radiation depends on the area of the exposed surface and the nature of the surface of the substance.

Coulomb’s Law

It gives the amount of the force exerted by each charge on the other charge (as per Newton’s third law).

                                        F = K (|q₁| |q₂| /r²)

K refers to electrical forces and has nothing to do with spring constants or Boltzmann’s constant.

K = 9 × 10⁹ N-m²/C²

q₁  & q₂ = Electric quantities of two electric charges.

r = Distance between the two electric charges.

Ε₀ = Dielectric constant of vacuum.

F = Force exerted on the electric charge with electric quantity q₂ by the electric charge with electric quantity q₁.

Pascal’s Law

It states that a pressure change at any point in a confined, incompressible fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid such that the same change occurs everywhere.

This means that if a certain amount of force or pressure is applied to a fluid substance that is incompressible and stored in a confined container, the pressure change in any given part of the fluid will cause the exact change in pressure throughout the fluid body.

Pascal’s law is mathematically depicted as:

Δp = ρg x Δh

Where,

Δp denotes the hydrostatic pressure or, the difference in pressure between two points in the fluid, and this is measured in pascals (Pa).

p denotes the density of the fluid (kg/m²).

g denotes the acceleration due to the gravitational force (m/s²).

Δh denotes the difference in elevation between two points in the fluid column, measured in metres (m).

Charles’ Law

The relationship between pressure and volume in gas is known as Charles’ law. It states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted on it. If you increase the pressure on a gas, its volume will decrease. Conversely, if you reduce the pressure, its volume will increase.

Characteristics of the Laws Of Physics

• They are universal.
• Representationally straightforward. 
• Relatively free from outside influences.
• Stable and constant in appearance.
• Everything in the cosmos abides by the laws of physics (in terms of observations).
• In terms of space and time, they are homogeneous.
• Reversible at any point in time.

Conclusion

Laws of nature are seen as patterns or observations made by performing specific experiments. Some believe that these laws came to be when the universe was created. Therefore, if the universe had been different, these laws would have been different. The relationship between pressure and volume in gas is known as Charles’ law. It states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted on it. If you increase the pressure on a gas, its volume will decrease. Conversely, if you reduce the pressure, its volume will increase.