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The eyes are the most crucial organ of the human body. All the things in our surroundings are only visible because our eyes see them. Our eyes are connected with our brains. The nerves present in our eyes first see the pictures, and then our brain understands them. The actual part of understanding the image is done within our brain. The proper care of the eyes is necessary. There are many eye defects like astigmatism and presbyopia, which weaken the vision of our eyes. Sometimes, these eye defects result in blindness. So, in this article, we learn about all such visions, along with their symptoms and precautions.
Eye defects
Several reasons cause eye defects in human beings. When human beings age, the intensity of their vision decreases. The main reason behind the declination of vision is the decrease or increase in the focal length. The eyes adjust their focal length according to the surrounding, which decides the focal point of light entering the eyes. Eye defects occur when the eyes lose their ability to adjust the focal length. Due to the incapability of adjusting the focal length, the person’s visions become blurred.
Eye defects can also occur due to the change in the refractive index of the lens. When the lens’s refractive index declines, the eyes’ capability to see far distances also declines. If one does not take care of their eyes, they may get affected by eye defects like astigmatism, presbyopia, etc.
Astigmatism
Astigmatism is a type of structural defect in the eyes. In this type of eye defect, the cornea and eyeball (especially the front part of the eyeball) are not completely round and structured. The shape of the eyeball in the eyes is mainly round, in which the coming light bends and provides a good view. But when the eyeball structure gets disturbed, the light rays start bending in one direction more. Due to this, the person can see one part of the object, not the whole part. Also, the object placed at a distant place will not be adequately seen, and the vision will get blurred.
Symptoms of astigmatism
Some symptoms of astigmatism are:
Blur vision or distorted vision
Pain in eyes
Pain in head
Incapability to see an object in the dark.
Types of Eyes defects
Three types of eye defects occur due to alteration in the refractive index of the eyes. These are:
Myopia
Hypermetropia
Presbyopia
Myopia
Myopia is also called near-sightedness. In this type of eye defect, the person cannot watch the objects placed very far. However, they are capable of seeing the objects which are placed very nearer to them. In this situation, objects which are placed at large distances appear blurry. This condition occurs when the shape of the eyes starts bending the rays of light in different directions. Instead of focusing on the retina, the image formed in the front of the retina. Due to this, the images of distant objects are not formed properly.
Some symptoms of Myopia.
Vision becomes blurry
Individuals face difficulty in seeing distant objects while driving.
Pain in eyes and head
Correction: Individuals with this kind of eye defect can wear a concave lens of suitable power. The guidance of the doctor is important before wearing the spectacles.
Hypermetropia
Hypermetropia is also called Far-Sightedness. In this type of eye defect, the person cannot watch the nearer objects. In this situation, objects which are placed very near appear blurry. This condition occurs when the shape of the eyes starts bending the rays of light coming from nearby objects in different directions. Instead of focusing on the retina, the image formed behind the retina.
Some symptoms of Hypermetropia:
Squinting
Pain in eyes
Pain in head
Correction: Individuals with this kind of eye defect can wear the convex lens of suitable power. The guidance of the doctor is important before wearing the spectacles.
Presbyopia
Presbyopia is a type of eye defect which occurs with ageing. In this defect, factors of power accommodation, which help in adjusting the focal length, are decreased. It happens due to the weakening of the muscles of the eyes. In this condition, the elasticity of muscles and eye lens decreases. It mainly occurs in individuals aged above 40.
Some Symptoms of presbyopia:
Vision becomes blurry
Pain in eyes
Pain in head
Conclusion
The eyes are the vital organs of the human body. There are several types of eye defects: Myopia, Hypermetropia, and Presbyopia. Astigmatism is the most common problem which occurs due to a problem in the structure of the eyes. When the structure of the eyes gets disturbed, it results in astigmatism. Every individual must take care of their eyes.
One must get an eye check-up periodically. A person with any vision defect must wear a suitable lens to avoid future defects. Proper specification from doctors is necessary before wearing the spectacles.
