Difference between solid, liquid and gas

INTRODUCTION

Solid

Solid-state is simply one of the states of matter, and there are many others. We learned in our early schooling that matter can exist in three states: solid, liquid, and gas – and that each state has its own properties. In contrast, as we advance from lower to higher levels of education, the concepts become more complex, and there are more things to learn. 

Physical and chemical properties of solid

• The fact that solids are incompressible means that because the constituent particles are arranged close to one another, there is very little space between the constituent particles. Solids are composed of atoms and molecules that are in close proximity to one another.
• Solids have a rigidity to them. This is due to a lack of space between the constituent particles, which causes it to be rigid or fixed in its position.
• Solids have a defined mass, volume, and shape, and as a result, the constituent particles are arranged in a compact manner within the solid.

Liquid

• The action of capillaries

As defined by the American Chemical Society, capillary action is defined as the ascent of liquids through a thin tube, cylinder, or permeable substance caused by adhesive and cohesive forces interacting between the liquid and its surrounding surface. Capillarity occurs when the intermolecular bonding of a liquid itself is significantly inferior to the intermolecular bonding of the surface of the substance with which it is interacting. The amount of liquid raised will also be determined by the diameter of the container as well as the gravitational forces acting on it.

• Angles of Contact

The contact angle of a surface or material is one of the most commonly used methods of determining its wettability. In the field of wetting, the study of how a liquid deposited on a solid (or liquid) substrate spreads out or the ability of liquids to form boundary surfaces with solid states is referred to as wetting. As previously stated, the wetting is determined by measuring the contact angle formed by the liquid when it comes into contact with the solids or liquids in question. Because the wetting tendency increases with decreasing contact angle or surface tension, the smaller the contact angle or surface tension is.

• Surface Tension is the tension between two surfaces.

In a liquid, surface tension is defined as the amount of energy or work required to increase the surface area of the liquid as a result of intermolecular forces. These intermolecular forces vary depending on the nature of the liquid (for example, water versus gasoline) or the solutes present in the liquid (for example, surfactants such as detergent), resulting in a wide range of surface tension properties for each solution.

• Vapor Pressure

When a material (gas, liquid, or solid) exerts an average force on a surface, such as the walls of a container or another confining boundary, this is referred to as pressure. The pressure of vapour or the state of equilibrium – The pressure exerted by a vapour in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases in a closed container is referred to as vapour pressure. In the presence of air, all liquids and solids have the tendency to evaporate or sublime into a gaseous state, and all gases have the tendency to condense back into their liquid or solid state.

• Viscosity

Another type of bulk property is viscosity, which is defined as a liquid’s resistance to flow when it is diluted. There is more viscosity in a liquid when the intermolecular forces of attraction are strong between the molecules of the liquid.

Gases

Gases Have Specific Characteristics

Gases are characterised by the lack of a defined volume or shape. They completely occupy all of the available floor space on which they can stand. The characteristic or properties of gases to fill the available volume within a container are the result of the freedom that gas particles have to move anywhere in the available space when they are released from a container.  The intermolecular forces between the molecules are extremely weak. As a result, the molecules of a gas are in constant motion and are associated with high velocities and, consequently, high kinetic energies. The following are the characteristics:

• Compressibility

Particles of gas have large intermolecular spaces in the middle of them, which allows them to move freely. By applying pressure to the particles, a significant amount of space can be reduced and the particles are brought closer together. As a result, the volume of gas produced can be significantly reduced. Compressing the gas is what this is referred to as.

• Expansibility

When pressure is applied to a gas, it contracts as a result. When pressure is released, the gas expands, and this is known as the expansion effect.

• Diffusibility

A very high velocity is maintained by the molecules of the gas, which are constantly in motion. In between the molecules, there is a significant amount of intermolecular space. When two gases are mixed, particles of one gas can easily pass through the intermolecular space of the other gas, whereas particles of the other gas cannot. Both gases are completely and consistently mixed as a result of this procedure. 

Difference between solid, liquid and gas

CONCLUSION

Solids, as opposed to liquids and gases, have a number of distinguishing characteristics that distinguish them from one another. Their ability to withstand any force that is applied to their surface, for example.solids are incompressible means that because the constituent particles are arranged close to one another, there is very little space between the constituent particles. Solids are composed of atoms and molecules that are in close proximity to one another.A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container while maintaining a (nearly) constant volume regardless of the pressure applied to the fluid.Gases have Specific Characteristics.Gases are characterised by the lack of a defined volume or shape. They completely occupy all of the available floor space on which they can stand.