Profile
Settings
Refer your friends
Sign out
Any chemical substance that contains an oxygen atom or atoms is an oxide. Metals have very good electrical and thermal conductivities. In addition to their exceptional electrical, thermal conductivity, and reflectance of light, metals are also malleable and ductile. Metal halides, metal oxides, metal sulphides, etc., are all examples of compounds that can be formed by metals. There are many different types of metal oxides, and they all have one thing in common – they all include metal and one or more oxygen atoms.
Non-metals are chemical elements that don’t have any metallic qualities. The p-block of the periodic table is dominated by non-metals. It is important to include both metal and non-metal oxides when looking at the oxides of different elements. Metal oxides are metals that have been oxidised. Non-metal oxides are the oxidation products of nonmetals. The main difference between metal oxides and non-metal oxides is that metal oxides are basic chemicals, whereas non-metal oxides are acids.
Metallic Oxides
Hydroxides are formed when water reacts with alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides. Because of this, they are the building blocks of all other compounds. Depending on the oxidation state, D block elements produce a variety of oxides. As an example, Vanadium has oxidation states +2, +3, +4, and +5. As a result, VO, V2O, VO2, and V2O5 are among the oxides that can result.
The oxidation number of the metal ion determines the number of oxygen atoms that connect with the metal ion. Only monovalent cations are formed by alkali metals. As a result, they only produce oxides of the M2O type (where M is the metal ion and O is the oxide anion). Divalent cations are formed by alkaline earth metals. As a result, they produce cations of the MO type.
Inorganic metal oxides are crystallised. Metal cations and oxide anion are present in these compounds. A base is formed when water reacts with a basic chemical. If not, metal salts can be formed by reacting with acids.
A metal with one or more oxygen atoms makes up a chemical compound known as a metal oxide. Here, oxygen has an oxidation number of -2, making it the anion in place of the metal cation. Ionic oxides are formed by alkali metals (group 1 elements), alkaline earth metals (group 2 elements), and transition metals (certain elements of the d block). On the other hand, high oxidation state metals can come from covalent oxides.
Non-Metallic Oxides
Non-metal oxides are oxide compounds formed by the combination of non-metal components. P blocks contain a lot of non-metallic elements. A wide range of oxide compounds are created by these elements. Non-metal oxides are covalent compounds because oxygen atoms share electrons with oxide molecules to form them.
When non-metal oxides and water interact, acids are the byproduct. For example, when SO3 is dissolved in water, the H2SO4 solution of non-metal oxides is extremely acidic due to their acidic nature. Metal oxides react with acids and bases to create salts. Non-metallic oxides can be used to make oxyacids. Oxyacids generate hydronium ions in aqueous solution. Examples of non metallic oxides are SO2 , ClO2 ,SO3 , NO2etc.
Other Oxides
Oxygen is one of the most reactive gases in the atmosphere, accounting for around 21% of the total. Compounds containing oxygen are formed when all of the Earth’s elements react with oxygen. Oxides are oxygen-containing binary compounds in which the oxygen atom is joined to a less electronegative atom. In terms of electronegativity, fluorine is the only element with a higher value than oxygen. As a result, all two-component oxygen compounds, excluding those containing fluorine, are considered oxides. Oxygen in its -2 oxidation state is found in most stable oxides. Na2O, CaO, A2O3, CO2, N2O3, Cl2O, and XeO2 are all oxides, as is the aforementioned.
Surface Oxides and Bulk Oxides
Oxides are formed throughout the entire volume as a result of the metal’s extreme reactivity. Metals such as aluminium, silver, and gold, which are less reactive, only react to oxides on the surface. Oxygen cannot enter because of the surface oxide, which stops it from reacting with the atoms in the bulk.
The Properties of Oxides
Electropositive elements are located on the left side of the periodic table. Between now and then, there is a gradual transition from electropositive to electronegative materials. Changes in the properties of metals and non-metals are shown by the placement of metalloids in between them.
Basic oxides are formed by electropositive metals. At a certain point, the basic character of the oxides drops and becomes both acidic and basic (amphoteric) at some transition element, and then becomes more acidic. Therefore, the first group of elements always produces strongly basic oxides, while the seventh group of elements always forms extremely acidic oxides. When an element has a high electronegativity when it bonds with oxygen, it is more acidic in nature.
Conclusion
An oxide is an oxygen ion with an oxidation state of -2 or O2-. A chemical compound with the anion O2- is an oxide. oxygen is a highly electronegative element, it may create stable oxides with practically any other element. Compounds made up of metal ions and oxide ions are known as metal oxides. In non-metal oxides, non-metal atoms combine with oxygen atoms to form a compound. Because metal oxides are basic chemicals, and non-metal oxides are acidic, this is the major distinction between the two.
