NEET UG » NEET UG Study Material » Chemistry » Intensive and Extensive Properties

Intensive and Extensive Properties

Physical and chemical qualities exist in all matter. Physical attributes, such as mass, colour, and volume, are characteristics that scientists may measure without changing the makeup of the material under examination (the amount of space occupied by a sample).

Definition of Intensive Property:-

We can say that  intense property is one that is independent of a substance’s or system’s mass.

Intensive properties include temperature (T), pressure (P), and density (r).

Examples of Intensive Property

An intense property of matter is a property of matter that does not depend on the size or quantity of matter in any manner. Temperatures, density, colour, melting and boiling points, and other intensive properties are unaffected by changes in the size or quantity of matter. As we discussed that it is an intensive property, the density of 1 litre of water or 100 litres of water will remain the same.

Definition of Extensive property:-

The size of the system or the amount of substance in which it determines a comprehensive property of the system.

Extensive properties are those in which the value of a system’s property is equal to the total of the values for the parts of the system. Extensive properties include volume, energy, and mass.

Examples of a Wide Range of Properties

All  properties of matter which  are dependent on the quantity or size of the matter  such as length, mass, volume, weight, and so on. These properties are known as extensive properties of matter, and their value changes as the size or quantity of the matter changes. 

Difference between Intensive and Extensive Properties:

INTENSIVE PROPERTIES

EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES

Property with its own identity


Property that is reliant

There is no difference in size.

Changes in size


It’s impossible to calculate

It can be calculated

.

It is simple to recognise

It is difficult to identify

For example melting point, colour, ductility, conductivity, pressure, boiling point, lustre, freezing point, smell, density, and so on are examples of properties

For example length, mass, weight, and volume

Other Properties Examples

Thermodynamics is the study of heat energy flow. The principles of thermodynamics govern the flow of heat energy and its transformation into various forms. It is dependent on the matter and the circumstances that influence its state. There are certain parameters that influence a system’s thermodynamic properties.

State functions and path functions are the two types of parameters or variables, as specified below:

1.State functions or state variables are parameters that are only dependent on the system’s current state and not on the path they took to get there.

For instance, consider the system’s temperature.

  1. Path function is a parameter that is dependent on the system’s journey to its current state.

Frictional force, for example, is used to perform work.

A state function is solely constrained by the initial and final conditions, whereas a route function is constrained by the path taken from the initial condition to the final condition. There are two types of thermodynamic properties for matter: intensive and extensive properties.

Conclusion 

As we conclude that an intensive property is a property of matter that depends only on the type of matter in a sample and not on the amount. Physical attributes, such as mass, colour, and volume, are characteristics that scientists may measure without changing the makeup of the material under examination (the amount of space occupied by a sample). Chemical characteristics, such as flammability and corrosion susceptibility, indicate a substance’s characteristic ability to react to generate new substances. A pure substance’s chemical and physical properties are the same in all samples. Pure copper, for example, is always a reddish-brown solid and always dissolves in weak nitric acid to generate a blue solution and a brown gas (a physical feature) (a chemical property).

Colour, temperature, and solubility are examples of intensive properties.Intensive properties can be used to help identify a sample because these characteristics do not depend on the amount of sample, nor do they change according to conditions.