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Electrolytes are compounds that can dissolve into electrically charged ions, while nonelectrolytes are molecules that have no net electric charge. Ordinary salt (sodium chloride, formula NaCl) dissolves in water and forms an electrolytic solution, dissociating into positive sodium ions (Na+) and negative chloride ions (Cl-), whereas sugar dissolved in water maintains its molecular integrity and does not dissociate, allowing these electrolytes to act as conductors. One example is a NaCl solution, and salts are an excellent general illustration of this.
Electrolytic Solutions: Conductance-
Now we will take a deeper look at what we mean by electrolytic solutions, conductance, unit of thermal conductivity, and lastly at unit of conductivity or conductivity unit.
Electrolytic solutions-
An electrolyte is a substance that, when dissolved in water, generates an ionic solution. A salt like KCl, for example, would form an electrolyte solution. Strong electrolytes are chemicals that create a significant number of ions in solution. Because of its great solubility, KCl would be a powerful electrolyte.
Weak electrolytes, on the other hand, are chemicals that create a modest amount of ions in solution. It’s important to note that non-ionic substances may also form electrolyte solutions. Acids produced by dissolving molecules like HCl in water are a common example. Nonelectrolytes are soluble substances that create no dissolved ions.
Types-
1.Strong Electrolytic Conductors- When we say powerful electrolytic conductors, we’re talking about strong acids and bases like hydrochloric acid, hydrogen nitrate, sulphur dioxide, potassium iodide, and others.
2.Weak Electrolytic Conductors- Weak electrolytic conductors, on the other hand, are weak acids and bases with a low degree of dissociation, which is why they only transmit electricity to a limited amount.
Conductance-
Conductance, also known as electrical conductance, is the reciprocal of resistance (G = 1/R) and represents the characteristic of an electrolyte solution that allows electricity to flow through it. The unit of conductance in chemistry and physics is ohm-1, mho, and siemens in the SI system.
Conductivity tests are commonly used in various industrial and environmental applications to determine the ionic content of a solution in a quick, low-cost, and repeatable manner.
The measuring of product conductivity, for example, is a common approach to track and trend the performance of water purification systems.
Due to the increased dissociation of H2O in H+ and OH- with T, the electrolytic conductivity of ultra-high purity water rises as a function of temperature (T).
Many times, conductivity is directly proportional to the total dissolved solids (TDS). At 25 °C, high-quality deionized water has a conductivity of around 0.05 S/cm, average drinking water has a conductivity of 200–800 S/cm, and sea water has a conductivity of about 50 mS/cm (or 50,000 S/cm).
The electrolyte is usually connected in a Wheatstone bridge to assess conductivity. Kohlrausch’s Laws of concentration dependency and additivity of ionic contributions apply to dilute solutions. By expanding Debye–Hückel theory, Lars Onsager provided a theoretical explanation for Kohlrausch’s law.
Unit of thermal conductivity or conductivity unit-
Now we will first learn what do mean by thermal conductivity- The rate of energy transmission is measured by thermal conductivity. When there is a unit temperature gradient, dT/dy, perpendicular to the surface, the coefficient of thermal conductivity is defined as the rate of energy transfer over the unit area of the surface. The pace of energy transportation is thus proportional to the quantity of energy carriers and, as a result, to the pressure.
As a result, the overall energy flow will be higher than if all of the packets were delivered at the same pace. The Pirani gauge uses this relationship between heat conduction and pressure in rarefied gases to measure pressure. Because it is more difficult to measure than the viscosity coefficient and only provides the same information, thermal conductivity has only been employed to a limited amount in the study of intermolecular forces.
Coming onto the unit of thermal conductivity- Thermal conductivity is measured in watts per metre-Kelvin (W/(mK)) in the International System of Units (SI). Watts per centimetre-kelvin (W/(cmK)) are used in several studies and this is the unit of thermal conductivity.
Thermal conductivity has a dimension of M1L1T−3Θ−1, which is stated in terms of mass (M), length (L), time (T), and temperature (Θ).
It can be calculated by-
k = Q∗L*[(A(T2−T1)]-1
Where-
K is thermal conductivity
Q= Transferred heat
L is the material’s length or thickness (mm)
A – Surface area in square metres – m2
(T2-T1) – Thermal gradient (K)
Conclusion-
In this article we read about electrolytic solutions and its types, conductance, unit of thermal conductivity and conductivity unit. Basically, an electrolyte is a medium that contains ions and conducts electricity via the movement of ions but not electrons. Most soluble salts, acids, and bases dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water, fall into this category. These solutions hold a great significance in our body and for tons and tons of other things, like in batteries, lots of electronics and medicines too.
