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A carbon atom and two oxygen atoms make up carbon dioxide, a chemical molecule. A double covalent connection connects each of the oxygen atoms to the centre carbon atom. The length of the C-O bond is 116.3 pm. The chemical has a linear and centrosymmetric structure. CO2 is its chemical formula.
Carbon dioxide is an incombustible gas that is colourless and odourless. Carbon dioxide can be found in a variety of forms, including gas, liquid, and solid. Dry ice is carbon dioxide that has been frozen. At normal atmospheric pressure, it reaches a temperature of -78.5°C.
Structure of CO2:-
In the structure of carbon dioxide . Carbon contains two double Bonds, Both of the double Bonds are connected with the oxygen atom, and CO2 Contains two sigma Bonds and two Pi Bonds.
Carbon dioxide has a Bond Angle of 180 Degrees i.e, It is linear in shape
Carbon has the sp Hybridization as it is connected with only atoms whereas Both of the oxygen atoms has sp2 as the oxygen atom has two lone pairs and one sigma Bond carbon atom.
Physical Properties of the CO2:-
At atmospheric temperatures and pressures, carbon dioxide appears as a colourless, odourless gas. Nontoxic and non-combustible to a large extent. It is heavier than air and may cause asphyxiation due to air displacement. It’s water soluble. Carbonic acid, a moderate acid, is formed. The container may break violently and rocket if exposed to heat or fire for an extended period of time.
A colourless liquid of carbon dioxide that has been chilled. Because it is heavier than air, it can cause asphyxiation when air is displaced. The container may break violently and rocket if exposed to heat or fire for an extended period of time. It’s a refrigerant that’s also used to make carbonated drinks.
Under typical ambient circumstances, a colourless gas with a little unpleasant odour. Commercial carbon dioxide is transported and stored as a liquid in pressurised cylinders or bulk storage systems, or as compressed solid blocks known as “dry ice.”
It is a colourless gas having pungent odour in high concentrations, which is one of its most essential physical qualities. The specific gravity is 1500 and the molecular weight is 44. It has a concentration of 0.03 percent in the atmosphere and 4% in expired air. It’s non-combustible and doesn’t promote combustion.
Chemical properties of the Carbon dioxide :-
Carbon dioxide is required for two critical plant and animal processes: photosynthesis and respiration. Green plants convert carbon dioxide and water into food molecules like glucose and oxygen. This process is called photosynthesis.
The Reaction for the photosynthesis is given by:-
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Reaction with Water:
Carbon dioxide interacts with water to generate carbonic acid (H2CO3), a weak acid.
CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 .
Because the acid cannot be separated from the solution, it is commonly written as CO2 (aq). The Acidity in fizzy drinks is caused by carbonic acid. The acidity in fizzy drinks is caused by carbonic acid.
Reaction with Limewater:-
Carbon dioxide combines with limewater (a calcium hydroxide solution, Ca(OH)2) to generate a white calcium carbonate, CaCO3, precipitate (which seems milky). When more carbon dioxide is added, the precipitate dissolves, forming a colourless calcium hydrogen-carbonate solution.
Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s) + HO2(l)
Ca CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) → Ca(HCO3)2(aq)
This is used as a carbon dioxide test. Limewater turns from colourless to milky when carbon dioxide is bubbled through it.
Conclusion
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a chemical molecule that exists as an acidic colourless gas with a density that is roughly 53% higher than that of dry air. A carbon atom is covalently doubly linked to two oxygen atoms in a carbon dioxide molecule. It is found as a trace gas in the Earth’s atmosphere.
And Carbon dioxide and oxygen don’t react under ordinary conditions. It Requires High amount of energy to react while conditions for isotopes should be fulfilled to perform this reaction.
