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White blood cells are a type of blood cell that aids in disease resistance. White blood cells are created in the bone marrow by stem cells and are located in the blood and lymph tissue. WBC ( white blood cells) are also referred to as leukocytes. WBC (white blood cells) has a lifetime of roughly 13 to 20 days. They are then destroyed within the lymphatic system. White blood cell counts in the blood range from 4,500 to 11,000 per microlitre.
white blood cells (WBCs) are essential because they can help haematologists diagnose a variety of blood illnesses, including leukaemia, some immunological disorders, and certain types of cancer. WBC can be counted and classified in a variety of ways, both automatically and manually.
WBC has a number of medical issues, including results that are inaccurate due to sampling errors and statistical inaccuracies.
Poor sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values are associated with probability
White Blood Cell Types and Their Functions:
White blood cells are classified into three groups.
- Granulocytes – Granulocytes are a kind of WBC that contain tiny protein granules. These are further subdivided into three
categories
- Basophils: Basophils are immune cells that aid in the fight against parasitic infections. In addition, it has the following capabilities: Basophil contains a component called heparin, which is a blood-thinning agent that prevents blood from clotting inside the body. When the immune system is exposed to an allergen, the basophil releases a substance called histamine, which aids in the killing of the allergens. Histamine is well known for its
role in the treatment of asthma.
- Eosinophils: Eosinophils are immune system cells that play a role in both inflammatory and anti-parasitic responses
- Neutrophils: Neutrophils aid in the healing of damaged tissues as well as the prevention of bacterial and viral infections.
The differences between basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils are as follows:
Characteristic | Basophils | Eosinophils | Neutrophils |
Role | Help to diagnose autoimmune disease or blood related disorder | Help to fight against allergies and disease | Provide an immunological response to any attack by foreign particles. |
Nucleus | Multi lobed nucleus | Bean shaped nucleus | Two or bilobed nucleus |
Life span | Life span is about 60 to 70 hours | Life span is about 8 to 12 hour | lifespan is between 5 to 90 hours |
Size | Diameter is of 10 – 14 micrometres | Diameter is of 12 – 17 micrometre | Diameter is of 8.86 micrometre |
Disorder | Hypothyroidism | Leukopenia (low level) and and eosinophilia (high level) | High-level leukocytosis and neutropenia (low level) |
- Lymphocytes – The lymphocytes are further divided into three types:
- B cells : B lymphocytes create antibodies in the immune system and are also known as B cells.
- T Cells: T cells, also known as T lymphocytes, aid in the recognition and removal of infection-causing microorganisms.
- Natural Killer Cells (NKCs) : These cells are in charge of attacking and killing infections, as well as cancerous cells.
B cells and T cells differences
Characteristic | B cells | T Cells |
Site of maturation | It oriented and mature in bone the marrow | It oriented in the bone marrow and mature in the thymes |
Also called | B lymphocytes | T lymphocytes |
Position | Presented outside the lymph nodes | Presented in side the lymph nodes |
Life span | Shorter life span | Larger life span compared to B cells |
- 3. Monocytes – Monocytes produce about 2–8% of the WBC and aid in the battle against chronic infections.
White blood cells normal range
White blood cells normal range based on age
Age | Normal range per (cubic millimetres) | |
Newborn | 13,000 to 38,0000 | |
2 weeks old baby | 5000 to 28,000 | |
Adult | 4,500 to 11,000 |
What Happens When a Person’s White Blood Cell Count Is Too High
Leukocytosis is a disorder that occurs when the number of white blood cells in the body rises.
The medical conditions listed below are caused by a high white blood cell count.
- Asthma attack
- Heart attack
- Rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases
- Leukaemia.
What Happens If a Person’s White Blood Cell Count Is Low
Leukopenia is a disorder that occurs when the human body produces fewer white blood cells (WBC).
The following are the symptoms of leukopenia.
- Disorders of the bone marrow
- Deficiency in vitamin B-12
- HIV, autoimmune diseases
How To Increase White Blood Cells
White blood cell numbers can’t be increased with supplements or certain diets. Iron supplementation is frequently misunderstood as a cause of decreased white blood cell counts. Iron supplements should only be used if your RED blood cell count is low. Neupogen is a medicine that aids in the generation of white blood cells or prevents the loss of white blood cells as a result of chemotherapy. Because Neupogen has no effect on digestion or interacts with any food, there are no nutritional guidelines.
When white blood cells are low, though, your immune system isn’t performing as well as it should, putting you at danger of infection. When handling, preparing, or consuming dangerous foods, this can make you more susceptible to being ill.
Overall, eating a well-balanced diet with enough calories to maintain weight and enough protein during treatment is the greatest method to support your immune function and white blood cell production. Each kilogramme of body weight requires 1.2-1.5 grams of protein, and each pound of body weight requires 13-15 calories. If your appetite is poor, you may wish to add Boost or Ensure liquid supplements to your diet for extra calories and protein to help you maintain your weight and protein storage. You can also select foods with a higher protein content.
Conclusion
As a result, we can conclude that blood cells are crucial to our survival. It keeps track of foreign objects and protects our body. They also offer necessary nutrients as well as oxygen to cells and tissues. Human blood contains a large number of white blood cells. White blood cells all have nuclei, which distinguishes them from other blood cells as well as between different types and subtypes of white blood cells. The varieties of white blood cells and their structures are discussed in this article.
