What does crenate mean in biology

An object with a scalloped or round-toothed edge is referred to as crenation. Crenatus comes from the Latin word crenatus, which means “scalloped or notched.’ Crenation is a term used in biology and zoology to describe what occurs to a cell or other item when it is exposed to a hypertonic solution. It is also used in chemistry to describe what happens to a cell or other thing when it is exposed to a hypertonic solution.

Crenation

An object with a scalloped or round-toothed edge is referred to as crenation. The word crenatus originates from the Latin crenatus, which means’scalloped or notched.’ Crenation is a term used in biology and zoology to describe what occurs to a cell or other item when it is exposed to a hypertonic solution. It is also used in chemistry to describe what happens to a cell or other thing when it is exposed to a hypertonic solution. The cell has a lower concentration of solutes than the surrounding extracellular fluid in a hypertonic environment, and water diffuses out of the cell through osmosis, causing the cytoplasm to shrink in volume. The cell shrinks as a result, and the cell membrane develops aberrant notchings. Crenation is used in the pickling of cucumbers and the salt-curing of meat.

When the cytoplasm shrinks from the cell wall in a hypertonic environment, this is referred to as plasmolysis. The cell wall remains intact during plasmolysis, but the plasma membrane shrinks and the chloroplasts of the plant cell concentrate in the cell’s core.

Red blood cells

Red blood cells (RBCs), also known as red cells, red blood corpuscles (in humans or other animals without a nucleus in red blood cells), haematids, erythroid cells, or erythrocytes (from Greek erythros for “red” and kytos for “hollow vessel,” with – The cyte (now interpreted as “cell”) is the most common form of blood cell and the vertebrate’s main source of RBCs oxygen from the lungs or the gills of fish and release it into tissues while squeezing through the capillaries of the body.

Haemoglobin is an iron-containing biomolecule that can bind oxygen and gives red blood cells and blood their colour, which is abundant in the cytoplasm of red blood cells. The cell membrane is made up of proteins and lipids, and it has features that are necessary for a healthy cell to function such as deformability and stability of the blood cell while traversing the circulatory system, specifically the capillary network.

Mature red blood cells in humans are flexible biconcave discs. They lack a cell nucleus and organelles to allow for optimal haemoglobin storage; they can be thought of as haemoglobin sacks with a plasma membrane acting as the sack. The cells form in the bone marrow and circulate in the body for roughly 100–120 days before being recycled by macrophages. Each circulation takes approximately 60 seconds (one minute). 20–30 trillion red blood cells make up about 84 percent of the cells in the human body

Packed red blood cells are red blood cells that have been supplied, processed, and stored in a blood bank for blood transfusions (pRBC).

Crenation Versus Plasmolysis

Crenation occurs in animal cells, however, when placed in a hypertonic solution, cells with a cell wall cannot shrink or alter form. Plasmolysis occurs in plant and bacterial cells instead. Water escapes the cytoplasm during plasmolysis, but the cell wall does not collapse. Instead, the protoplasm shrinks, leaving gaps between the cell membrane and the cell wall. The turgor pressure of the cell decreases, and it becomes flaccid. The collapse of the cell wall, known as cytorrhysis, can result from a sustained loss of pressure. Plasmolysis does not cause cells to become spiky or scalloped.

Examples of crenation

Crenation is a process in which red blood cells lose their ability to maintain an isotonic as a result of ionic changes in the blood or abnormalities in the cell membrane, of this disease, develops. Crenated red blood cells are divided into two types: echinocytes and acanthocytes. Rather than the usual spherical biconcave shape, both of these cells have a rounder shape with spiny projections on the cell surface.

Echinocytes have small, homogenous, and regularly distributed spines. Even though they have enough haemoglobin to survive, their presence indicates the presence of an underlying illness. Ionic imbalances, such as high pH or calcium concentrations, or diseases, such as uremia or pyruvate kinase deficiency, which cause cellular loss of potassium and water, can produce this type of crenation. It could also be an adverse effect of taking certain medications or chemotherapy medicines.

Spines on the cell membrane of acanthocytes have unequal and irregular distribution, quantity, and length. The uneven shape is caused by changes in membrane lipids as a result of disorders such as abetalipoproteinemia, which produces aberrant lipid concentrations in the blood as well as an inability to produce specific lipoproteins that are essential for cell membranes. Other disorders that have the same effect include vitamin E insufficiency, liver disease, and malabsorption. This form of crenation cannot be reversed.

Practical Applications of Crenation

Crenation is a good way to keep food fresh for a long time. Crenation is caused by salt curing meat. Another useful application of crenation is cucumber pickling.

Conclusion 

In Britain, responsibility for the disposition of the deceased has shifted from the local and personal to the distant and institutional over time. Families, neighbours, and parish clergy have passed it on to medical experts, funeral directors, and local government officials. Part of this trend is the increased preference for cremation over burial in the twentieth century. As the late-twentieth-century ‘natural death’ and funeral reform movements demonstrate, this process is not inexorable. As the founders of the Cremation Society recognised, cremation is not a final stage in the disposal process. They presented their Declaration as an alternative to burial, saying, “until some better technique we want to accept that which is commonly referred to as cremation.”