Structure of the Kidney

These two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist, are connected by a tube that runs through the abdomen. Each kidney is surrounded by a tough, fibrous renal capsule, which provides support for the soft tissue that lies within. Additionally, two layers of fat serve as additional protection against the elements. The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys. The kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped organs that are found in vertebrates. It is common for adult humans to have two retroperitoneal spaces, which measure approximately 12 centimetres (4+12 inches) in length on the left and right sides, respectively. During a day, blood enters through the paired renal arteries and is expelled through the paired renal veins. Each kidney is equipped with a ureter, which is a tube that transports excreted urine to the bladder after each kidney function.

Body fluid volume, fluid osmolality, acid-base balance, electrolyte concentrations, and toxin elimination are all controlled by the kidney. Filtration occurs in the glomerulus, which filters one-fifth of the blood volume that enters the kidneys during the filtration process. Water that is free of dissolved solutes, sodium, bicarbonate, glucose, and amino acids are all examples of substances that are reabsorbed by the body. A few of the substances secreted include hydrogen, ammonium, potassium, and uric acid, to name a few. The nephron is both a structural and a functional unit of the kidney. Each adult human kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, whereas a mouse kidney contains only approximately 12,500 nephrons. The kidneys also perform functions that are not carried out by the nephrons, such as filtering urine. They are responsible for the conversion of a vitamin D precursor into its active form, calcitriol, as well as the synthesis of hormones such as erythropoietin and renin.

A major public health concern around the world, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been identified as a major public health concern. Patients with kidney failure who require renal replacement therapy account for between 5 and 7 million of all patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide, according to current estimates. [3] Procedures used in the management of kidney disease include chemical and microscopic examination of the urine (urinalysis), measurement of kidney function by calculating the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using serum creatinine, kidney biopsy and CT scan to evaluate for abnormal anatomy, and other procedures. Kidney failure can be treated with either dialysis or kidney transplantation; when renal function falls below 15 per cent, one (or both) of these treatments is almost always used. Nephrectomy is a common treatment option for patients with renal cell carcinoma.

What is the physical structure of the kidney?

Inside, the kidney is divided into three regions: an outer cortex, a medulla in the middle, and the renal pelvis in the hilum of the kidney. The outer cortex is divided into two parts: the cortex and the renal pelvis. Located in the concave part of the bean-shaped kidney, the hilum is the point at which blood vessels and nerves enter and exit, as well as the point at which the ureters exit.

What is the structure and function of the kidney, as well as how does it function?

The kidneys are responsible for filtering the blood and excreting waste products in the urine. It is through a tube known as the ureter that urine is transported from each kidney to the bladder, where it is stored. The renal hilum is the area of the kidney where the ureter and blood vessels enter and exit the body of the kidney.

What are the three primary structures of the kidney?

It is possible to divide the kidneys into three sections.

Each kidney is made up of three parts: an outer renal cortex, an inner renal medulla, and a renal pelvis. Blood is filtered in the renal cortex, which is located in the kidney.

What is the shape of the kidney?

The kidneys are comprised of two bean-shaped organs that are each about the size of a fist.

What colour does the kidney appear to be?

In appearance, they resemble a bean, and their colour is reddish-brown. Each kidney is roughly the size of a fist clenched in the palm of your hand.

What are the structure and function of the kidneys?

The kidney contains a structural filtration unit known as a nephron, which filters the blood as it passes through it. Each kidney contains a million nephrons, which are tiny blood vessels. During this process, essential substances such as glucose, amino acids, salts, and the necessary amount of water are reabsorbed before the blood is returned to circulation.

In what way do the kidneys serve a purpose?

Their primary function is the removal of toxins from the bloodstream and the conversion of waste products into the urine, respectively. It is estimated that each kidney weighs 160 grammes and that it excretes one to one and a half litres of urine each day. Approximately 200 litres of fluid enters the bloodstream every 24 hours through the two kidneys.

What are the structures that surround the kidney and protect it?

Each kidney is held in place by a connective tissue called renal fascia, and it is protected by a thick layer of adipose tissue known as perirenal fat, which is located around the outside of the kidney. In each kidney, a tough, fibrous connective tissue renal capsule surrounds the soft tissue within, providing support for the soft tissue.

In what ways does the kidney perform its seven functions?

1. The Kidney’s Role in the Body
2. Waste products are removed from the site.
3. Excess fluid is drained away.
4. The balance between minerals and chemicals must be maintained.
5. Blood pressure control is important.
6. Red blood cell production is a process.
7. To maintain bone health.

What is the location of the kidneys in the human body and how do they function?

These bean-shaped organs are located on either side of your spine, beneath your ribs, and just behind your belly button on either side of your body. Approximately the size of a large fist and measuring approximately 4 or 5 inches in length, each kidney is a small organ.

Conclusion

Efferent renal sympathetic and afferent renal nerves are important to control systems in the regulation of renal function and its associated physiological processes. The efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity (ERSNA), which response to a variety of peripheral and central afferent inputs, is controlled by a reflex control system that is based in the central nervous system. The kidneys have a good supply of nerves.