Structural Organisation Animals

Animals and all other lifeforms share the same fundamental structural organisation. Or, to put it another way, cells make up every living thing that exists now on Earth. And tissues are created when cells come together. In turn, tissues create organs and organ systems. Animals’ structural organisation begins with their smallest basic unit, the cell. Additionally, tissues are made up of a collection of cells with comparable functions. Organs are created when tissues group together to carry out particular tasks.

Structural organisation animals

• A collection of like cells and molecules that bridge between them constitute a tissue, which serves a particular purpose
• Bichat referred to tissues (1972)
• Only four fundamental types of tissues can be found in all sophisticated creatures. To create an organ like the stomach, lung, heart, or kidney, for example, these tissues are arranged in a particular ratio and arrangement
• They come together to form an organ system, such as the digestive or respiratory systems, when two or more organs work together to accomplish a shared task through physical and/or chemical interaction
• Different tissues can be genetically divided into four groups: epithelial, connective, muscular, and neural tissues

Structural organisation in animals

Animal Tissues

The only thing that constitutes a tissue is a collection of uniform cells doing a set of related tasks. Complex multicellular animals’ tissues can be divided into four groups: epithelial, connective, muscular, and neural.

Epithelial Tissue

To line various bodily components, epithelia, which are tightly packed cells that resemble an intracellular matrix, are used. Simple epithelium and compound epithelium are the two forms of epithelial tissues that are categorised.

Simple Epithelium 

The body’s cavities, ducts, and tubes are lined with simple epithelium. One layer of cells makes up the basic epithelium. The simple epithelium is further broken down structurally into the following groups:

• Squamous Epithelium: The squamous epithelium is a single, thin layer of flattened cells surrounded by wavy borders. They serve the primary purpose of creating a diffusion boundary. They can be found in the lungs’ air sacs and blood vessel walls
• Epithelium Cuboidal: The cuboidal epithelium is a single layer of cells that have a cube-like appearance. They can be found in the kidney’s tabular nephrons and glandular ducts. Their primary jobs are to absorb and secrete
• Columnar Epithelium: Columnar epithelium has nuclei at the bases of its tall, slender cells. They can operate as secretors and absorbers and can be found in the lining of the stomach and intestine

According to animal structural organisation, when columnar or cuboidal cells become specialised for selection, they create a type of epithelium called granular that can be either unicellular (forming isolated goblets in the alimentary canal) or multicellular (salivary glands).

Compound Epithelium 

They have many layers and have a small impact on secretion and absorption. They serve to shield the cells from mechanical and chemical stress.

Muscular Tissue

The long, tube-shaped fibres that make up these tissues are organised in parallel arrays and mostly made up of a great deal of tiny fibrils, or myofibrils. In order for muscles to contract, relax, and perform other body actions. Skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles are the three different forms of muscle tissue.

Nervous Tissue

Neurons and neuroglial cells make up nervous tissue. The primary element of the neurological system and an excitable cell is the neuron. The remaining portion of the nervous system, which accounts for the majority of the body’s neural tissue, is made up of neuroglia. The body’s ability to adapt to changing circumstances is mostly regulated by nervous tissues. They regulate how the body reacts to various situations. The neural system defends the neurons. Electrical disruption results from neuronal activation. They produce additional disruption to neighbouring cells when this disturbance is transmitted by the plasma membrane.

Conclusion

Animal kingdom creatures are all multicellular, yet their cell arrangement does not all follow the same pattern. Animal organisation levels are categorised based on cellular organisation patterns into: The Cellular Level of Organization, Tissue Level of Organisation, Organ Level of Organisation. Any animal or plant has a cell as its basic structural and functional unit. It is made up of several cellular parts that perform the cell’s operations. Cell organelles are the structures that make up a cell’s structural organisation.