Role of Micro and Macronutrients

As the name implies, macronutrients are nutrients that are required in large quantities by plants in order to thrive. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, calcium and potassium are just a few of the elements in the periodic table of elements. While air and water provide carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the other elements are derived from the soil and its constituents. In the case of micronutrients, they are those that are required by plants in very small quantities. Iron, zinc, boron, and other metals are examples of such compounds. In addition to these, some elements such as silicon, cobalt, selenium, and sodium are present, all of which are required by higher plants to function properly..

Micronutrients in plants

As an additional category of nutrients alongside macronutrients, micronutrients (also known as trace elements or minerals) are those nutrients that are required in very small quantities yet are essential for development or metabolism. Boron (B), iron (Fe), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), and nickel are some of the most essential micronutrients (Ni).

Role of Micronutrients 

The micronutrients boron, iron, manganese, and zinc are the most important in a plant’s nutritional needs. Let’s see what we can find out:

• Boron-It is possible for plants to show signs of boreon deficiency in a variety of ways, including stunted growth in young crops, leaf deformation, death of growing points, dark brown lesions on leaves, poor flowering, and chlorosis or yellowing of leaves. It is important to ensure that boron is applied to crops prior to the flowering stage, as applying it later is not beneficial. 
• Iron (Fe)-Chlorophyll production is aided by the presence of iron. Photosynthesis. Composition of enzymes. Energy transfer, nitrogen reduction, and fixation are all influenced by this factor. Formation of lignin. Plants suffering from an iron deficiency suffer from yellowing between the veins on their younger leaves. 
• Manganese (Mn)-It is important to plants because it: Influences the production of chloroplasts. Participating in the photosynthetic process in a positive way The activation of enzymes and the influence on germination as well as crop maturity are discussed. Chlorosis is a yellowing of the veins in the younger leaves caused by a lack of Mn in the plant’s tissues. 
• Zinc-It is necessary for plants during their early growth stages. The growth of the root, the seed, and the fruit. When it comes to the process of photosynthesis. Hormones in plants must be kept in balance. Auxins are known for their activity. Stunted growth, length reduction of internodes, smaller young leaves, and yellowing of the lower leaves are all signs of Zinc deficiency.

Macronutrients in plants

Plants are living organisms that require nutrients to survive, grow, reproduce, and develop in the same way that we do in order to thrive. Macronutrients in plants are nutrients that provide energy to the plants and are required in greater quantities to maintain their development and growth. Macronutrients are essential for the growth and development of plants.. Examples include nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S), oxygen (O), carbon (C), and hydrogen (H) (H). N, phosphorus, and potassium are the most significant of these elements since they directly influence plant growth and are responsible for the formation of many plant organs and tissues. 

Roles of Macronutrients

Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the most important crop nutrients because they directly affect plant growth and the formation of different plant parts.

• Nitrogen-It is essential to plants for the following reasons: Metabolism, as it is a critical substance and component of amino acids, proteins, and enzymes. It has an effect on the germination and vegetative growth of plants. Because it is a component of chlorophyll, it is essential for photosynthesis to take place.Too much nitrogen is also detrimental to plants, as it causes dark green coloration of the leaves, lush growth, crop lodging, and a reduction in the quality of the fruits produced by the plants.
• Phosphorus-It is necessary for plants to develop roots in order to survive. Maintaining high-quality flowering, fruiting, and seed production while minimising costs. Energy storage and transportation are two different things. Disease resistance is a term used to describe a person’s ability to resist disease. Reduced plant growth, weakened roots, thin shoots, and dark green/purple/red leaves are all symptoms of phosphorus deficiency in plants. Excessive amounts of phosphorus can result in decreased reception and deficiency of other elements such as zinc, iron, copper, manganese, manganese dioxide, and barium.
• Potassium (K)-It is essential to plants for the following reasons: It has an impact on water absorption. Drought resistance is being improved. Strengthening of the immune system. Increasing the plant’s resistance to fungal diseases and insects. Protein, sugar, and fat synthesis are all carried out in this process. Potassium deficiency in plants results in stunted growth, burning or yellowing of the leaf margins, and dead spots on the older leaves. The intake of other nutrients, such as magnesium, calcium, and nitrogen, is inhibited when the amount of sugar consumed is excessive.

Conclusion

Appropriate nutrition promotes physiological growth while also reducing the risk of disease. When consumed in the proper amounts and proportions, both macronutrients and micronutrients are essential for children’s nutrition. Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are the most important macronutrients, but fibre and fluid intake are also important considerations.We require macronutrients to provide energy, and we require micronutrients to keep our bodies healthy and to aid in the digestion of those macronutrients. Both macronutrients and micronutrients work together to provide your body with the nutrients it requires to be healthy.